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8th - Constitution
Mr. Stickler's U. S. Constitution flash cards.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the "General Welfare Clause" of the Constitution? | In Article I, section 8. " . . . provide for the common defense & general welfare (common good) of the United States." (Pg. 133) |
| What is the "necessary & proper" clause of the Constitution? | Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution (powers of Congress). " . . . (Congress) can make all laws which shall be 'necessary & proper' for carrying out the other powers that the Constitution grants to Congress." (Pg. 133) |
| What are "enumerated powers"? | These are powers that are specifically listed in the Constitution. (Pg. 132) |
| What is a "writ of habeas corpus"? | Article I, Section 9 (limits on Congressional powers). Congress may not "suspend the privilege of the write of habeas corpus except in emergencies". Means that the government must show that a person has broken a law or they must let them go. (Pg. 133) |
| What is the "electoral college"? | A group of people who vote for the people in a state. Had same number of electors as representatives in Senate & House. States decide how to choose them. Takes a majority of electoral college votes to become President. (Pg. 141) |
| What does the word "impeach" mean? | The word means "to bring to trial". Means the House can accuse the President of serious crimes. Senate holds a trial. This is how Congress checks the President's power. (Pg. 140) |
| What is a "jurisdiction"? | A jurisdiction means the power or authority to hear cases and make decisions. (Two types of jurisdiction are "original" and "appellate".) (Pg. 143) |
| What was the 22nd Amendment & when was it put in place? | It was put in place in 1951. It changed the length of service any one person can serve as President. Before this, they could be reelected any number of times. The 22nd Amendment limited it to one reelection. (Pg. 141) |
| What are 5 powers given to the President in the Constitution? | 1.) Carry out & enforce laws Congress makes; 2.) Make treaties with foreign nations; 3.) Appoint some government officials; 4.) Serve as Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces; 5.) Veto laws Congress passes. (Pg. 139.) |
| How does the Constitution limit the powers of the Executive branch (Presidential)? | 1.) Congress gets to approve the President's appointments; 2.) Congress can accept or reject President's treaties; 3.) Only Congress can declare & fund wars; 4.) Congress can override a President's veto with a 2/3 vote of both houses. (Pg. 139-140.) |
| Which Article of the Constitution establishes the Judicial branch of government? | Article III. (Pg. 142.) |
| List 2 reasons the Framers of the Constitution decided they needed a Judicial branch of government. | 1.) Needed to decide disputes between state governments & between people living in separate states; 2.) To decide disputes between the national government & a state or a citizen. (Pg. 143) |
| List 3 ideas the Framers had about the Judicial branch. | 1.) That judges should be appointed instead of elected to free them from political pressures; 2.) That judges should keep their positions "during good behavior"; 3.) That there should be just 1 U.S. Supreme Court. (Pg. 143.) |
| How does the Constitution limit the Executive's power? | By making it share most of its powers with Congress. (Pg. 139) |
| Which Article of the Constitution creates the Executive branch? | Article II. (Pg. 138) |
| Why were the Framers afraid to give too much power to the Executive branch? | Because of their experiences with King George III before the Revolutionary War. (Pg. 130) |
| How did the Framers solve the problem of writing the Constitution to give powers to Congress? | They solved the problem by using a combination of both general and specific language when writing the Constitution. (Pgs.131-132.) |
| Which Article of the Constitution gives Congress its powers? | Article I lists the enumerated powers of Congress. (Pg. 132) |
| List 3 powers Congress has according to the Constitution. | (Any of these will work:) 1.) Impose/ collect taxes, 2.) borrow money, 3.) Regulate state & foreign commerce, 4.) Coin money, 5.) Establish post office, 6.) Declare war, 7.) Raise & support an army & navy. (Pg. 132) |
| What types of Congressional powers are the "general welfare" & "necessary & proper" clauses? | These are the "general powers of Congress". (Pg. 132.) |
| Why did the Framers limit Congressional powers? | They limited these powers because they did not want the government to "become a threat to the people's rights". (Pg. 134.) |
| What is one way the power of Congress held in check? | Congress is divided into two "houses". Each one is responsible for different types of laws & is given different powers. Ex: If the House of Representatives passes a bill, the Senate must pass the law by majority vote before it becomes a law. (Pg. 134.) |
| How does the Executive branch check the power of Congress? | The President must sign all bills passed by Congress before they can become laws. Also, the President can veto bills passed by Congress. (Pg. 134) |
| How does the Judicial branch check the power of Congress? | The U. S. Supreme Court can declare a law unconstitutional. (Pg. 134.) |
| Why is Article II of the Constitution shorter than Article I? | (Article I = the Executive branch of government; Article II = the Legislative branch.) Because the Framers wrote it in more general terms. This was because they remembered what British royal governors, officials, & the king had done to them. (Pg. 138) |
| What does the term "popular sovereignty" mean? | It means that the people have the right to "alter or abolish" their government. (Txtbook, pg. 250.) |
| What is "federalism"? | Federalism is "a division of power between the federal & state governments". (Txtbook Pg. 251.) |
| What is "republicanism"? | Republicanism is the name for a government where: 1.) Citizens have the power to govern; 2.) Citizens elect representatives who serve their best interests, 3.) Citizens & representatives cooperate to "promote the common good." ("People" pg. 22 & 23.) |
| What is the purpose of a Bill of Rights? | To list the freedoms that the government promises to protect. (Pg. 200, txtbook.) |
| What is the purpose of a constitution? | It sets out the laws, principles, organization, and processes of a government. (Pg. 200, txtbook.) |
| What is the name of the law that set up a system for settling the Northwest Territory? | The Land Ordinance of 1785. (Pg. 202, txtbook.) |
| How was land divided by the Land Ordinance of 1785? | Land was divided into townships, which were further divided into 36 sections that were 1 square mile each. Congress sold them to settlers for $640 each. (Pg. 202, txtbook.) |
| What was the Northwest Ordinance of 1787? | The Northwest Ordinance set up a government for the Northwest Territory, outlawed slavery there, & guaranteed basic rights to settlers. It also provided a way for new states to be admitted to the nation. (Pg. 203, txtbook.) |
| How many people had to be settled in an area before they could petition to become a state? | 60,000 people. (Pg. 203, txtbook.) |
| What is an economic depression? | It is a time when business slows, prices & wages fall, & unemployment rises. (Pg. 204, txtbook.) |
| What is the name of the uprising of Massachusetts farmers in 1786? What was the result? | Shay's Rebellion. The farmers attacked courthouses & prevented the state from taking any more farms (due to the Depression). The Massachusetts legislature sent the militia to disperse the farmers. (Pg. 204, txtbook.) |
| How can Shay's Rebellion be called a good thing? | It showed Americans that the Articles of Confederation had weaknesses that needed to be fixed. This prompted leaders to call for a convention in Philadelphia (in 1787) to revise the Articles of Confederation. (Pg. 204, txtbook.) |
| What were the characteristics of the Virginia Plan? | Proposed by James Madison & Edmund Randolph; called for a strong national government divided into 3 branches (legislative, executive, & judicial); legislature would be divided into two houses (seats awarded based on population). (Pg. 208, txtbook.) |
| What were the characteristics of the New Jersey Plan? | It called for 3 branches of government (like the Virginia Plan) but it called for a legislature with only 1 house. (Pg. 208, txtbook.) |
| What was the three-fifths compromise? | This is the name for the compromise reached by the delegates related to slavery. Three-fifths of the slaves in any state would be counted for both tax and population count purposes. (Pg. 209, txtbook.) |
| How do we know so much about the Constitutional Convention of 1787? | James Madison kept detailed records of the debates at the Convention and did not miss a single day. (Pg. 208, txtbook.) |
| Who is known as the "Father of the Constitution?" | James Madison. (Pg. 206, txtbook.) |
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