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The American Pageant
Vocabulary: Chapter 37
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Dwight Eisenhower | was the 34th president of the U.S. During WWII he served as a Supreme Commander of the Allied forces in Europe. |
| Joseph McCarthy | served as a Republican U.S. Senator from 1947-1957. He was noted for making claims that there were large numbers of Communists and Soviet spies and sympathizers inside the United States federal government and elsewhere. |
| Earl Warren | was the 14th chief justice of the United States. Best known for the sweeping decisions of the Warren Court, which ended school segregation and transformed many areas of American law. |
| Rosa Parks | was a college-educated black seamstress who made history in Alabama by boarding a bus and taking a seat in the "whites only" section, refusing to get up. Her arrest sparked a yearlong black boycott of city buses. |
| Martin Luther King, Jr. | was an american clergyman, activist, and prominent leader in the African American civil rights movement. He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott. |
| Ho Chi Minh | was the legendary Vietnamese leader who tried to appeal to Wilson in Paris to support self-determination for the peoples of Southeast Asia. |
| Ngo Dinh Diem | led a pro-Western government that was entrenched at Saigon. |
| Gamal Abdel Nasser | as President of Egypt, Nasser sought funds to build an immense dam on the upper Nile for urgently needed irrigation and power. |
| Nikita Khrushchev | was the new Soviet premier who rudely rejected Ike's 1955 call for an "open skies" mutual inspection program over the Soviet Union and the U.S. |
| Fidel Castro | engineered a revolution that ousted Batista. He then denounced Yankee imperialists and began to expropriate valuable American properties in pursuing a land-distribution program. |
| John F. Kennedy | scored a first-ballot triumph over Lyndon B. Johnson for the Democratic campaign and was elected president in 1960. |
| Media | the means of communication, as radio and television, newspapers, and magazines, that reach or influence people widely. |
| McCarthyism | spawned during the Second Red Scare and is now known as the practice of making accusations of disloyalty, subversion, or treason without proper regard for evidence. |
| Brass | high-ranking military officers. |
| Taboo | a ban or an inhibition resulting from social custom or emotional aversion |
| Self-incrimination | giving testimony in a trial or other legal proceeding that could subject one to criminal prosecution. |
| Embezzlement | the fraudulent appropriation of funds or property entrusted to your care but actually owned by someone else. |
| Secondary Boycott | A secondary boycott is an attempt to influence the actions of one business by exerting pressure on another business. |
| Thermonuclear | characterized by the use of atomic weapons based on fusion, especially as distinguished from those based on fission. |
| Confiscation | to seize for the public treasury. |
| Troubleshooter | a worker whose job is to locate and fix sources of trouble. |
| "creeping socialism" | is any move to extend power to the people/government. Eisenhower strove to guard the public from what he referred to as "creeping socialism." |
| Military-Industrial Complex | a country's military establishment and the industries that produce arms and other military equipment. |
| Desegregation | is the process of ending racial segregation and incorporating the group into a community. |
| "massive retaliation" | also known as a massive response or massive deterrence, is a military doctrine and nuclear strategy in which a state commits itself to retaliate in much greater force in the event of an attack. |
| Brown v. Board of Education | ruled that segregation in the public schools was "inherently unequal" and thus unconstitutional. |
| Plessy v. Fergusen | declared that "separate but equal" facilities were allowable under the Constitution. |
| White Citizens' Councils | later known as the Citizens' Councils of America, was an American white supremacist organization formed in 1954. |
| Civil Rights Act of 1957 | set up a permanent Civil Rights Commission to investigate violations of civil rights and authorized federal injunctions to protect voting rights. |
| Geneva Conference | imposed a shaky peace on Laos in 1962. |
| South East Asia Treaty Organization | was an international organization for collective defense signed on September 8, 1954. |
| Hungarian Revolt | In 1956 Hungarians rose against Soviet masters and felt badly betrayed when the U.S. turned a deaf ear to their desperate appeals for aid. The revolt revealed the truth that America's nuclear sledgehammer was too heavy a weapon to wield in a minor crisis. |
| Suez Crisis | a war fought by Britain, France, and Israel against Egypt beginning on 29 October 1956. |
| Eisenhower Doctrine | pledge U.S. military and economic aid to Middle Eastern nations threatened by communist aggression in 1957. |
| Ladrum-Griffith Act | otherwise known as the Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959, regulated labor unions' internal affairs and their officials' relationships with employers. |
| U-2 Incident | an American spy plane was shot down in the heart of Russia on the eve of the "summit conference," inevitably helping to collapse the conference before it could get off the ground. |
| Sputnik | was the first Russian satellite to be launched into orbit around the globe on October 4, 1957. |
| "missile gap" | was the term used in the United States for the perceived disparity between the number and power of the weapons in the U.S.S.R. and U.S. ballistic missile arsenals during the Cold War. |
| National Defense Education Act | authorized $887 million in loans to needy college students and in grants for the improvement of teaching the sciences and languages. |
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