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History
Goal 6 - Chapter 18
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Imperialism | the policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories-was a trend around the world, US joins Europe, |
| Queen Liliuokalani | Hawaii's Queen in 1893, she proposed "Hawaii for Hawaiians",proposed removing property -owning qualifications for voting goal of America's empire builders to annex Hawaii, Queen surrendered to the forces of the US, |
| Global Competition | Beg. 1867 and continuing thru the century, caused the US to expand, Africa became prime target of European expansion, Imperialist competed for territory in Asia (china), Japan joined Europe in competition of China, |
| Factors that fueled the American Imperialism | desire for the military strength, thirst for the new market, belief in culture |
| Alfred T. Manhan | A Navy Admiral that urged government to build up Amercan military power to compete with other powerful nations, as as result built 9 steel ships that resulted in the US being 3rd largest naval power |
| New Markets | technology allows American Farms and factories to produce more than could use, need new places to sell goods and get raw materials (foreign trade) |
| Foreign Trade | Foriegn trade looked to as solution to over production and economic depression |
| Culteral Superiority | used to justify imperialism, combined Social Darwinism with the belief of the racial superiority of the Anglo-Saxons, US had a responsibility to spread christianity and civilization (standards of one culture) to the world's inferior people |
| William Seward (Seward's Folly) | secretary of state, arranged for US to buy Alaska from Russians(2 cents per acre)in 1867, many thought it was foolish(Steward's Folly) but it was rich in timber, minerals and oil, 1959 Alaska became 49th state |
| Hawaii | stop for US Traders since 1700's-mid 1800's , 75% of $ was the US sugar plantations, Yankee missionaries founded schools their children and grandchildren became sugar planters and sold crops to US, |
| McKinley Tariff of 1890 | provoked crisis by eliminating the duty free status of Hawaiin Sugar, Resulted in Hawaiin sugar prowers facing competition in the American Market |
| Request for Annexation | American planters in Hawaii called for the US to annex Hawaii so they wouldn't have to pay the duty, US understood value of islands |
| Annex | to incorporate territory into an exciting country or state |
| Pearl Harbour | the Hawaiin Kingdom's port, US pressured to build a naval base here, base became a fueling satation for US ships |
| King Kalakaua | end of Monarchy, strong armed by white business leaders, forced to amend Hawaii's constution, limiting voting rights to only wealthy land-owners, after he died Queen Liliuokalani |
| Sanford Dole | Head of government set up after business groups headed by John L. Stevens organized a revolution against the Queen of Hawaii for proposing removing the property -owning qualifications for voting |
| Republic of Hawaii | Formed when Pres.Cleveland orderd Queen Restored to throne and Dole refused to step down, refused to annexx unless majority of Hawaiians favored it. Recognized as independent nation, queen never restored |
| Annexatoin of Hawaii | McKinley annexed in 1898, declared an American Territory, without the approval of Hawaiians, in 1959 Alaska and Hawaii became the 49th/50th state |
| Sphere of influence | strong contries don't control areas but have trade privileges (often exclusive) South America for US, claimed special right and economic privileges |
| Spanish-American War | In 1898, The US went to war to help Cuba win its independence from Spain |
| Spain | Once most powerful colonial nation had lost most of its colonies, Retained only the Philippines & the Island of Guam, a few outpost in Africa, the Carribean Islands of Cuba and Purerto Rico in the America's |
| US interest in Cuba | 90 mls. S of FL, US wanted to buy, Spanish replied rather see Cuba sunk in Ocean,Cuba rebelled against Spain, American sympathies went to Cuba,Cuban people not succesful but forced Spain to end Slavery,allowed US to invest millions in sugar cane in Cuba |
| Jose' Marti | a Cuban poet and JOurnalist exiled in NY launched the 2nd War for independence, planned attacks against US owned sugar mills in order to provoke US intervention and help acheive a free Cuba |
| US Intervention in Cuba | Cuban supporters thought it was similar to the Amer. Revelution, Business supported Spain to protect business in Cuba, |
| Yellow Journalism | US papers exaggerated news to sell papers and excite emotions, more people supported war due to the exaggerated and sensational style of reporting used to enrage readers |
| Spains Respose to Rebels | hurding rural popul. into barbed wire concentratin camps to keep civilians from helping rebels, thousands died of disease and hunger |
| Hearst and Pulitzer | REporters that fanned "war fever" When informed that a US/Spanish War was not likely Hearst replied, "you supply the pictures, I'll supply the War" |
| Pres. McKinley's Neurtrality | did not want war tried diplomatic approaches, Spain responds by offering Cuba self-limiting Government, |
| de Lome letter | written by the Sapnish Minister to the US, Stolen by cuban rebel and sent to scandal thirsty Newspaper, letter called McKinley weak and a bidder for admiration of the crowd, he apologized, but Americans were outraged over the insult to their President |
| USS Maine | Mckinley had sent to bring home US citizens in Cuba to protect them, Ship exploded in Havana, even though it was not known why reporters claimed that the Spainish had blown it up, |
| Spanish - American War | despiote spain's denial and apologies, public favored war, McKinley asked congress to declare war - happened in 1898 |
| War In Phillipines | instead of invading Cuba, US heads to Pacific - Phillipines- they also wanted freedom from Spain, US and Philippinoes joined to gether to cause the surrender of the Spanish troops in Manila |
| George Dewey | commanded toopen fire on the Spanish fleet at Manila. Destroyed every Spanish ship there, Victory allowed US troops to land in Phillipines |
| War in th Carribean | began with a naval blockade of Cuba, sealed up Spanish fleet, US Navy was strong, Army was very small and ill-prepared, ill-equiped |
| Rough Riders | a volunteer calvary under the command of Leonard Wood and Theodore Roosevelt |
| San Juan Hill | Rough Riders and 2 african American Regiments cleared the way for the capture of important target Near Capital, |
| Treaty of Paris of 1898 | Spanish frees Cuba, gives Guam/Puerto Rico to US, sells Philadelphia to US for $20 million |
| "A splendid Little War" | Statement made after Spain and US signed a cease fire agreement after just 15 weeks, Spain freed Cuba, turned over island of Guam, and Puerto Rico. They also sold the Philipines to US for $20 million, |
| US and Puerto Rico | Military rule gradually moved to civilian gov't, commonwealth of US (citizens of US, but can only vote in Pueurto Rico elections, Puerto Ricans did not agree on whether they wanted independence, statehood or local self govt, US made no promises, |
| Military Rule | issued a statement assuring Puerto Rico that US were there to "bring you protection", promote prosperity, bestow the blessings of liberal institutions of US Govt., Puerto Rico ruled by MIlitary |
| Foraker Act | Ended military rule in Puerto Rico, set up civil govt, gave them right to vote in Puerto Rican elections, exended US citizenship, Constitution did not automatically apply to aquired territories |
| Us and Cuba | US military occupied Cuba after war, protesters were imprisoned, military di provide aid to poor, structure, and modernization |
| Platt Admendment | forced Cuba to add constitution, Could not make treaties limit independence,or allow a foriegn power to control any part of territory, US reserved right to intervene, was not to go in debt, US could buy or lease land on the island for naval & refueling |
| protectorate | a country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power, US controlled Cuba for 30 plus years |
| Phillipines Rebel | rebeled against annexation, wanted independence, not rule by new nation, took US 3 yrs. to end, used tactics that spain used that US had put them down for, forced to live in confined areas, about 200,000 died, cost $400 million 20 X price paid for islands |
| Civil Government | US set up government similar to Puerto Rician govt, Under American Rule Phillipines moved towards becoming an independent republic |
| Foriegn Influence in China | Imperialist saw Phillipines as the gateway to China where Germany, Frnace, England, Japan, and Russia already had spheres of influence they feared being shut out. |
| Open Door Policy | issued by John Hay in 1899, a series of policy statements that propose to othre nations that they all share trading rights, no trading monopolies, others agree, China not consulted. |
| Boxer Rebellion | "boxers" (Secret groups of chinese that formed secret societies to rid the country of "foriegn devils") fight back to kill foreigners to get then to leave, Britan France, Germany, Japan join US to put down the Boxer Rebellion, 1000's die. |
| Open Door Policy reflects 3 beliefs about US industrial capitalist econmy | US economy depended on exports, Felt the US had the right to intervene abroad to keep foriegn markets open, feared closing of areas to US products, citizens, or ideas threatened US survival, became foundation of US foriegn policy |
| Impact of US territorial gains | McKinley reelected -confirmed majority of US favored imperialism, Anti-Imperialist Leagues were starting to form (Clevland, Carnegie, Jane Addams,Mark Twain, |
| America's World Power | The Russo-Japanese War, The Panama Canal, Mexican Revolution added to US military and economic power, led to involvement in WWI and later to a peacekeeper role in today's world |
| Rough Rider's as President | VP Roosevelt comes to Power after the assasignation of Mckinley, unwilling to allow Euroe to control world's political and economic destiny, mediated a settlement in the war between Russia and Japan |
| Russo-Japanese War | both wanted control of Korea, Japan launces first attacks and won starts running out of $ and approaches Rooseveltto help mediate peace, he was successful in ending the war(Treaty of Protsmouth) and that strengthed US ties w/ Japan |
| Nobel Peace Prize | won by President Teddy Roosevelt for negotiating the Treaty of Portsmouth |
| Panama Canal | a man, a plan, a canal, US agrees to pay 10 million + 250k/ year for the canal zone |
| Path to the Pacific | US wanted a canal to cut across central America to reduce travel time for industry and trade in Pacific, also for military, 2 possible routes chose Panama needed permission of Columbia to complete canal |
| Columbian Problem | Panama controlled by Columbia, negotiations breakdown, US sends in troops to help Panama rebel aganst Columbia, Panama won it's independence, US & Panama sign treaty in which US agreed to pay Panama for Canal |
| Building the Canal | 1904-1914 One of the world's largest engineering feats, 5600 die, Builders fought disease, volcanic soil, draining swamps, etc, Total cost to US $380 million (cuts disance from NYC to San Francisco by 8000 mi |
| Rosevelet Corollary | LA borrowed money from Europe Roosevelt feared nations would default and Europe would intervene,reminded Europe of MONROE DOCTERINE& added to it "if disorder in LA would force US to use force to protect it economic interest" |
| corollary | an additional statement that logically follows from the 1st one, MOnroe Docterine stated European Countries sty out of Latin American affairs and Rosevelt added US would use force to protect its economic interest in Latin America |
| Big Stick Diplomacy | Roosevelt: "speak softl and carry a big stick", no one mess with US |
| Loans in Latin America | US often loaned South America govt's money to protect own interest, lead to Nicaraguan Rebellion because US bankers loaned them money and then they gained control of the state owned Railroad, citizens rebel |
| Dollar Diplomacy | used money issues to allow itself to get involved in affairs, this policy was continued by Taft,was used to justify keeping European powers out of Caribbean |
| Wilson's Missionary Diplomacy | Monroe Docterine,Roosevelt's Corollary, Wilson added moral tone says US has a moral responsibility to deny recognition to any LA government that it viewed as oppressive, undemocratic, hostile to US interest,wanted democratic government for all |
| Mexican Revolution | Tests Wilson Policy, Mexico ruler (unable to satify conflicting demands of his people)was murdered by Peasants & Worker, US called it "a govt of butchers"US sends in troops to invade important port, almost leads to war, Others stepped in to Mediate, |
| Carranza's Government | After the fall of the Military Government "butchers", Wilson withdrew troops and but it was not liked by the Mexican Peasants |
| Pancho Villa | opposed Carranza, peasant allied with the rebel Zapata and Villa, wanted land reform for Peasants, threatend US for recognizing Carranza, |
| Raids | Villa nd men raided US business in Mexico (had Carranza'a invitation to operate) killed many US men, angered Americans |
| US Persues | US send General Pershing after Villa, but Carranza orders US out, Wilson refuses, US/Mex almost at war |
| Backing down | US nearing War in Europe (WWI), Mexico can't afford a war with US, Carranza rules oppresively until 20's. |
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