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Chapter 18- US
Stack #57010
| Terms | Description |
|---|---|
| Columbian Exposition | 12 million ppl travelled to chicago to see the progress of american industrialization |
| old immigrants | northern/western europe(britain, germany, scandinavia), protestants/some irish&german catholics, english speaking mostly, literate, skilled, fit in in the 1880's |
| new immigrants | 1890's-1914, southern/eastern europe(italians, greeks, croats, slovaks, poles, russians), poor, illiterate peasants, unaccustomed to democratic traditions, jewish/roman catholic/greek or russian orthodox, unskilled |
| statue of liberty | beacon of hope for poor and oppressed immigrants, sculpted by Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi in 1870's |
| chinese exclusion act- 1882 | banned all new immigrants from china |
| ellis island | opened in 1892, immigration center |
| contract labor law | 1885, prohibited contract labor to protect american workers |
| American protective association | nativist society prejudiced against roman catholics, tried to restrict immigration |
| urbanization | shift in population from rural to urban |
| streetcar cites | people could live in residences miles away from their jobs bc they could commute to work on streetcars, eventually replaced with electric trolleys, elevated rr's, and subways |
| mass transportation | segregated urban workers by income, wealthy moved to streetcar suburbs to escape the crime/poverty/pollution |
| skyscrapers | built when land values increased, 1885-1st by William Le Baron Jenny, tenstory high building in chicago, steel skeleton made possible by otis elevator and central steam heating system |
| ethnic neighborhoods | groups where they could keep their culture, language, religion, etc, lived in dumbbell tenements |
| ghettos | crowded, unhealthy, crime ridden neighborhoods where immigrants lived |
| Edward Bellamy, Looking Backward | 1888, popular book of social criticism, envisioned a future era without poverty, greed, or crime |
| suburbs | where the wealthy lived to escape problems of the cities |
| frederick law olmstead | landscape architect, designed curved roads and open spaces; scenic parks, city boulevards |
| political machine | tightly organized groups of politicians |
| party boss | top politician who gave orders to the rank and file, doled out govt jobs to loyal supporters |
| Henry George- Progress and Poverty | 1879, San francisco journalist, instant best-seller, jolted reders to be more critical of laissez-faire economics |
| settlement house | welleducated middleclass ppl moved into immigrant neighborhoods to learn about their lives and provide social services |
| Jane addams | started the Hull House in 1889, the most famous experiment |
| social gospel movement | applying christian principles to social problems |
| walter rauschenbusch | NY minister, worked in hell's kitchen |
| dwight moody | helped generations of urban evangelists adapt traditional christianity to city life, moody bible institute |
| salvation army | 1879, provided the basic necessities of life for the homeless and poor, preaching christian gospel |
| mary baker eddy | taught that good health was the result of correct thinking of "father mother god" |
| nat'l americans womens association | elizabeth cady stanton and susan b anthony founded to secure the vote for women |
| womens christian temperance union | advocating total abstinence from alcohol |
| frances e willard | led WCTU |
| antisaloon league | 1893, persuaded 21 states to close down all saloons and bars |
| carry A nation | Kansas, raided saloons, smashed barrels of beer with a hatchet |
| anthony comstock | NY, former the society for the suppressed of vice, watchdo gof american morals |
| charles w eliot | president of Harvard, reduced the # of required courses, introduced electives |
| johns hopkins university | founded in 1876, baltimore, 1st american institution to specialize in advanced graduate studies |
| oliver wendell holmes | tught that the law should evolve with the times in response to changing needs |
| w. e. b. du bois | 1st african american to recieve a doctorate from harvard, studied crime, advocated black rights, integrated schools, etc |
| Bret Harte | regionalist writer, depicted life in rough mining camps of the west |
| mark twain | samuel l clemens, 1st great realist, revealed greed, racism, violence in american society |
| william dean howells | realist, considered problems of industrialization and inequal wealth- a hazard of fortunes |
| lester f ward | leading sociologist |
| clarence darrow | famous lawyer, argued criminal behavior could be caused by a persons environmental poverty, neglect, and abuse |
| stephen crane | naturalist, told how a brutal urban environment could destroy the lives of young ppl- Maggie a girl of the streets, fear and human nature- Red badge of courage |
| jack london | CA, conflict between nature and civilization- Call of the Wild |
| theodore dreiser | shocked moral sensibilities of the time, novel about a poor working girl- Sister Carrie |
| winslow homer | painter of seascapes and watercolors |
| thomas eakins | painted the everyday lives of working class, serial action photos to study human anatomy 4 better paintings |
| james mcneill whistler | sailed to Europe, paris/ london, Arrangement in grey and black, studied color |
| mary cassatt | impressionism, spent time in france, pastels |
| ashcan school | social realists, painted scenes of everyday life in poor neighborhoods |
| Armory show of 1913 | NYC, nonrepresentational paintings that were rejects by most |
| henry hobson richardson | romanesque architecture, massive stone walls, rounded arches |
| louis sullivan | chicago, aesthetic unity in tall, steel-framed office buildings |
| chicago school | architecture school |
| frank lloyd wright | organic style, in prairie houses, harmony w/ natural surroundings |
| daniel burnham | revived classical greek and roman architecture |
| john philip sousa | composed popular marches |
| jelly roll morton and buddy bolten | greatest innovators, intorduced jazz |
| scott joblin; ragtime | black composer/perfomer, sold almost 1 million copies |
| jazz | combined african rhythms w/ western style instruments, mixed improvisation with a structured band format |
| joseph pulitzer | -New York World, filled daily newspaper w/ stories of crime and disaster, political and economic corruption |
| william randolph hearst | NY publisher of scandals |
| P T Barnum, James A Bailey | greatest show on earth, circus |
| Buffalo Bill, Annie Oakley | (WIlliam f Cody)-wild west show, markswoman |
| John L Sullivan | heavyweight boxer, most famous athlete |
| Spectator sports | baseball, football, basketball, boxing |
| bachelor sports | sports centered around 20-30 yr old bachelors |
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emmamalo
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