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Chapter ElevenVocab
Chapter 11 Vocabulary U.S. History
Word | Definition |
---|---|
1. Henry Ford: | a carmaker who introduced a series of methods and ideas that revolutionized production, wages, working conditions, and daily life. |
2. mass production: | production of goods in larger numbers through the use of machinery and assembly lines. |
3. Model T: | automobile manufactured by Henry Ford to be affordable on the mass market. |
4. scientific management: | approach to improving efficiency, in which experts looked at every step of the manufacturing process, trying to find ways to reduce time, effort, and expense. |
5. assembly line: | arrangement of equipment and workers in which work passes from operation to operation in direct line until the product is assembled. |
6. consumer revolution: | flood of new, affordable goods in the decades after World War 1. |
7. installment buying: | method of purchase in which buyer makes a small down-payment and then pays off the rest of the debt in regular monthly payments. |
8. bull market: | period of rising stock prices. |
9. buying on margin: | system of buying stocks in which a buyer pays a small percentage of the purchase price while the broker advances the rest. |
10. Andrew Mellon: | Secretary of the Treasury. |
11. Herbert Hoover: | Secretary of Commerce. |
12. Teapot Dome scandal: | scandal during the Harding administration in which the Secretary of the Interior leased government oil reserves to private oilmen in return for bribes. |
13. Calvin Coolidge: | Vice President. |
14. Washington Naval Disarmament Conference: | meeting held in 1921 and 1922 where world leaders agreed to limit construction of warships. |
15. Kellogg-Briand Pact: | 1928 agreement in which many nations agreed to outlaw war. |
16. Dawes Plan: | agreement in which the United States loaned money to Germany, allowing Germany to make reparation payments to Britain and France. |
17. modernism: | trend that emphasized science and secular values over traditional ideas about religion. |
18. fundamentalism: | movement or attitude stressing strict and literal adherence to a set of basic principals. |
19: Scopes Trial: | 1925 trial of a Tennessee schoolteacher for teaching Darwin's theory of evolution. |
20. Clarence Darrow: | the most celebrated defense attorney in America. |
21. quota system: | arrangement that limited the number of immigrants who could enter the United States from specific countries. |
22. Ku Klux Klan: | organization that promotes hatred and discrimination against specific ethnic and religious groups. |
23. Prohibition: | the forbidding by law of the manufacture, transport, and sale of alcohol. |
24. Eighteenth Amendment: | constitutional amendment banning the manufacture, distribution, and sale of alcohol in the United States. |
25. Volstead Act: | law enacted by Congress to enforce the Eighteenth Amendment. |
26. bootlegger: | one who sells illegal alcohol. |
27. Charlie Chaplin: | the most popular silent film star. |
28. The Jazz Singer: | the first movie with sound synchronized to the action. |
29. Babe Ruth: | the leading sports hero, baseball home-run king. |
30. Charles Lindbergh: | the first person to fly across the Atlantic. |
31. flapper: | young women from the 1920s who defied traditional rules of conduct and dress. |
32. Sigmund Freud: | an Austrian psychologist. |
33. "Lost Generation": | term for American writers of the 1920s marked by the disillusion with World War 1 and a search for a new sense of meaning. |
34. F. Scott Fitzgerald: | a novelist who explored the reality of the American dream of wealth, success, and emotional fulfillment. |
35. Ernest Hemingway: | Fitzgerald's fellow novelist and good friend who explored similar themes but in a new idiom. |
36. Marcus Garvey: | the most prominent new African American leader to emerge in the 1920s. |
37. jazz: | American musical form developed by African Americans, based on improvisation and blending blues, ragtime, and European-based popular music. |
38. Louis Armstrong: | the unofficial ambassador of jazz. |
39. Bessie Smith: | the "Empress of the Blues". |
40. Harlem Renaissance: | period during the 1920s in which African American novelists, poets, and artists celebrated their culture. |
41. Claude McKay: | the most militant African American writer. |
42. Langston Hughes: | the most powerful African American literary voice of his time. |
43. Zora Neale Hurston: | another powerful African American voice. |