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The American Pageant
Vocabulary: Chapter 27
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| James G. Blaine | was the Republican presidential candidate in the 1884 election. He surfaced again as leader in the first Pan-American Conference to improve trade with Latin American countries. He was Secretary of State during the Garfield and Harrison administrations. |
| Richard Olney | was a lawyer in the 1880's for one of the leading corporations. Later he became the Secretary of State to Grover Cleveland. He was Attorney General during the Pullman strike in 1894 and he issued an injunction for the workers to return to work |
| Valeriano Weyler | He was a Spanish General referred to as "Butcher" Weyler who undertook to crush the Cuban rebellion by herding many civilians into barbed-wire reconcentration camps."Butcher" was removed in 1897 |
| Dupuy de Lome | He was a Spanish minister in Washington who wrote a private letter concerning President McKinley's lack of good faith. He was forced to resign when Hearst discovered and published the letter - helped to spark the Spanish-American War |
| Theodore Roosevelt | He was notorious for his impulsiveness and radical behavior. He used his Big-Stick policy in dealing with foreign affairs. He was A big part in building the Panama Canal and enforcing the rigid Roosevelt Corollary. |
| George Dewey | Commodore of the Pacific fleet of American ships in the Spanish-American War. He attacked the Philippines when war was declared by the US |
| Emilio Aguinaldo | He was a revolutionary Filipino who commanded his Filipino troops to help American George Dewey to acquire Manila from Spain. He later led Filipinos against the U.S. in 1899 because of their denied freedom after the war. |
| William Howard Taft | chosen over William Jennings Bryan in the 1908 election to succeed Roosevelt. As president he approached foreign policy by using America's wealth to negotiate politically. Due to his lack of political skills, he helped divide the Republican Party |
| John Hay | Was the Secretary of State in 1899; dispatched the Open Door Notes to keep the countries that had spheres of influence in China from taking over China and closing the doors on trade between China and the U.S. |
| Philippe Bunau-Varilla | leader of the old French Canal Company that was eager to build in Panama and salvage something from their costly failure there. Thus, a Nicaraguan route was turned down for the canal |
| George Washington Goethals | was a United States Army officer and civil engineer who organized the workers for the Panama Canal when construction started in 1904. |
| Pan American Conference | Conference called by James Blaine that created an organization of cooperation between the US and Latin American countries |
| Maine | Battleship sent in 1898 to Cuba for a "friendly visit" (really to protect/evacuate Americans). The Maine blew up on Feb. 1898 in Havana. Americans blamed Spain for the incident but the Spanish claimed the explosion to be accidental |
| Teller Amendment | The act of Congress in 1898 that stated that when the United States had rid Cuba of Spanish misrule, Cuba would be granted its freedom |
| Rough Riders | were a group of volunteers(cowboys, ex-convicts, rugged men) that formed to fight at San Juan Hill in Cuba. Colonel Leonard Wood led the group, but Theodore Roosevelt organized it. They were named "Wood's Weary Walkers" |
| Treaty of Paris | Treaty in 1828 to conclude Spanish-American war after 6 months of hostility. From the treaty America got Guam, Puerto Rico and paid $20 mil. for the Philippines. Cuba freed from Spain. |
| Anti-Imperialist League | was formed to fight the McKinley administration's expansionist moves. Its members included, William James, Mark Twain, and Andrew Carnegie. The League claimed that it was against America's Democratic ideals to "take- over" other lands. |
| Foraker Act | Foraker Act of 1900 accorded the Puerto Ricans a limited degree of popular government and outlawed cockfighting a favorite island pastime. |
| Insular Cases | beginning in 1901 with the insular cases, a badly divided supreme court decreed, in effect, that the flag did not necessarily extend with full force to the windfall |
| Platt Amendment | a United States federal law passed on March 2, 1901, which stipulated the conditions for the withdrawal of United States troops remaining in Cuba since the Spanish-American War. It replaced the earlier Teller Amendment |
| Philippine Insurrection | was an armed military conflict between the United States and the Philippines, which arose from the First Philippine Republic struggle against U.S. annexation of the Islands. This conflict is also known as the Philippine Insurrection |
| Open door notes | is a concept in foreign affairs. The Open Door is generally associated with China, it was recognized at the Berlin Conference of 1885, which declared that no power could levy preferential duties in the Congo basin |
| Boxer Rebellion | was a violent anti-foreign, anti-Christian movement. Members were known as “Boxers” for their training in material arts, broke loose with the cry, “Kill Foreign Devils.” They killed missionaries and Chinese Christians |
| The Roughrider | consisted largely of western cowboys and other hardy characters with a sprinkling of ex-polo players and ex-convicts. Commanded by Colonel Leonard Wood, the group was organized principally by the glory chasing |
| Big-Stick Theory | taken from an African proverb, "Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far." The press used it to describe Roosevelts policies with Latin America and monopolies |
| Clayton-Bulwar Treaty | concluded with Britain in 1850, the united states could not secure exclusive control over an isthmian route |
| Hay-Pauncefote Treaty | his agreement nullified the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty of 1850 and gave the United States the right to create and control a canal across Central America. |
| Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty | was signed on November 18, 1903. The Treaty is also called The Treaty No Panamanian Signed, though Panama later agreed to the United States to receive rights to a canal zone which was to extend five miles on either side of the canal route in perpetuity |
| Panama Canal | Canal across the Isthmus of Panama, in Central America, that allows vessels to travel between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans |
| Roosevelt Corollary | was a substantial amendment to the Monroe Doctrine by U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt in 1904. Roosevelt's extension of the Monroe Doctrine asserted the right of the United States to intervene to stabilize the economic affairs. |
| Russo-Japanese War | armed conflict between Russia and Japan in 1904-5. The cause of the war was that Russian expansion in eastern Asia ran counter to Japanese plans for gaining a foothold on the Asian mainland |
| Portsmouth Conference | formally ended the 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War. It was signed on September 5, 1905 after negotiations at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard near Portsmouth, New Hampshire in the United States |
| Gentleman’s Agreement | is an informal agreement between two or more parties. It may be written, oral, or simply understood as part of an unspoken agreement by convention or through mutually beneficial etiquette. It is distinct from a legal agreement. |
| Great White Fleet | was the popular nickname for the United States Navy battle fleet that completed a circumnavigation of the globe from 16 December 1907 to 22 February 1909 by order of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt |
| Reconcentration | |
| Jingoism | |
| Imperialism | policy/practice/advocacy of extending the power of a nation by direct territorial acquisitions or by gaining indirect control over the political or economic life of other areas; broadly : the extension or imposition of power, authority, or influence |
| Guerrilla warfare | form of irregular warfare,refers to conflicts where a small group of combatants including, armed civilians "irregulars" used military tactics, like ambushes, sabotage,raids, and mobility to harass a larger traditional army, and withdraw almost immediately |
| Spheres of influence | an area or region over which a state or organization has significant cultural, economic, military or political influence. |
| Yellow Peril | with immigration of Chinese laborers to U.S., The term refers to the skin color of East Asians, and the belief that the mass immigration of Asians threatened white wages and standards of living. aka fear of Chinese immigration. |
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