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State and Local Gov
Key Terms and Concepts
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Adjourn | the parliamentary motion to bring legislative business to an end |
| Adjournment to a Day Certain | a motion to suspend legislative proceedings on a particular day |
| Adjournment Sine Die | the final adjournment of a legislative session for the year; the term literally means adjournment without a day [for reconvening] |
| Appropriation | an authorization by the legislature for an agency to spend a specific sum of money for the purposes specified in the appropriation act |
| General Appropriation Act | a single, omnibus act passed annually to appropriate the funding of all state agencies and programs beginning the july 1 following passage and ending june 30; the act is proposed by the governor based on anticipated state revenues during the fiscal year |
| Amended General Appropriations Act | a single act passed annually to amend the general appropriations act then in force; this is done to adjust state spending to actual revenue, take care of emergencies or needs that come up after an appropriation act goes into effect |
| Supplementary Appropriation Act | an act that is used to provide additional funding to a particular agency to finish the fiscal year |
| Budgetary Responsibility Oversight Committee (BROC) | a permanent staff arm of the General Assembly that has a variety of powers and responsibilities to advise the legislature with respect to the state budget and the evaluation of state programs and agencies |
| Caucus | a group of legislators associated together in support of common interests (such as political party, race, or gender) and who meet to discuss policy and strategy and coordinate their legislative efforts |
| Committee | a group of legislators appointed by the presiding officer for the study of bills or other legislative purposes |
| Conference Committee | a special committee consisting of three members from each house appointed by the presiding officers to seek a compromise when the two houses have passed different versions of the same bill and insist on their respective positions |
| Interim Committee | a special committee appointed by the presiding officer of one or both houses to study an issue and report back to the General Assembly during the interim between two sessions |
| Oversight Committee | created by the General Assembly to oversee a project --typically a large, capital-outlay construction project under jurisdiction of a state authority, and to advise legislators on funding, statutory, and other changes needing legislative action |
| Standing Committee | one of a group of permanent legislative committees in each house that study bills that have been introduced and make recommendations to the full house as to whether such bills should be supported; are organized around functional areas |
| Committee of the Whole | the entire membership of wither house sitting for the purpose of expediting consideration of a bill |
| Engrossment | a proofreading and verification of a bill or resolution for the purpose of making certain that the copy being officiated is identical with the version of the bill that passed that house |
| First Readers | a daily list of bills on the day of their introduction containing each new bill's number and title, so called because the day of introduction is the day of the first reading of each bill |
| Fiscal Year | the 12-month accounting period for appropriations and financial reports (fed's begins oct 1) |
| Hopper | the symbolic name for the place where legislators file bills for introduction with the Clerk of the House or Secretary of the Senate |
| Legislative Budget Office | a full time legislative staff agency that provides the General Assembly--and in particular the House and Senate appropriations committees--yr round support in appropriations, budget, and rev matters |
| Legislative Counsel | a full-time legislative staff agency consisting of attorneys who provide a variety of legal services to members of the General Assembly; their responsibility is to assist members who ant to introduce a bill by researching the proposed law & drafting it |
| Lobbying | activities by persons or groups acting on behalf of others to influence legislation |
| Majority Leader | that legislator chosen by the majority party caucus to lead that party's members in a house |
| Minority Leader | that legislator chosen by the minority party caucus to lead that party's members in a house |
| Official Code of Georgia Annotated | the official codification of Ga's statutory law along w/annotations of relevant state and federal court decisions, attorney general opinions, law review articles, and other relevant legal info |
| Point of Order | under parliamentary procedure, the device that allows a legislator to question the presiding officers ruling or action when that legislator believes the chair has not acted according to the rules of that house |
| Quorum | the minimum number of members of a body, which when assembled is required to transact business |
| Readings of a Bill | the successive readings in chamber of every bill and resolution having the effect of law before the final vote on passage can be taken |
| First Reading | in both houses, occurs on the day a bill is introduced in a house and is followed by that bill being assigned to a committee |
| Second Reading | in the house, second reading occurs automatically on the legislative day following the bill's introduction; in the senate, second reading occurs on the legislative day after a bill is reported from standing committee |
| Third Reading | in both houses, second occurs after the presiding officer calls the bill from the calendar for floor consideration; immediately after the third reading, a bill is ready for debate, amendment and final voting on passage |
| Reapportionment | redrawing of election district boundaries--usually for legislative bodies--necessitated by uneven population growth and movement so that like election districts consist of even numbers of ppl |
| Referendum | a device whereby a legislature submits to the electorate a chance to vote on whether an act it has passed shall become effective |
| Resolution | a legislative proposal used to express the opinion or will of one or both houses |
| Simple Resolution | a resolution passed in one house only, which means it does not have the force law |
| Joint Resolution | a resolution passed by both houses sometimes known as a "concurrent resolution" |
| Privileged Resolution | a simple or joint resolution that expresses the appreciation, recognition, or sympathy of one or both houses to some individual, group, or organization |
| Session | an official mtg period of the General Assembly |
| Regular Session | the annual mtg of the General Assembly that begins the second Monday in Jan and lasts for 40 legislative days |
| Special Session | a special mtg of the General Assembly in order to deal with pressing matters affecting the state; limited to 40 days |
| Table a Bill | A parliamentary motion--technically "to lay on the table"-- which, if passed, removes a bill or resolution from committee or floor consideration together with all motions attached to the bill at the time |
| Unanimous Consent | A parliamentary procedure used by the chair to obtain the permission of the members to allow or dispense with some non-controbersial action without having an actual vote |
| Veto | written disapproval by the governor of a bill or joint resolution |
| Item Veto | the authority of Georgia's governor to veto specific line item expenditures in appropriation acts, while approving the remainder of the act |
| Pocket Veto | an authority not provided in Georgia whereby bills not signed by the governor within a specified number of days after the session automatically are vetoed |
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