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social science 2.10-
WGU social science 2.10-2.12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The first three years how many cases did the Supreme Court hear? | 0 |
| In the first 12 years, how many cases did the Supreme Court hear? | 63 |
| What is the judicial review? | The power of a court to strike down acts of the other branches on the grounds that they violate the Constitution. |
| Marbury v. Madison (1803) | Justice Marshall asserted the right of judicial review. |
| McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) | While reviewing whether or not Congress had the right to create a national bank, Justice Marshall decided that unless the Constitution specifically prohibits a power, it should be assumed that Congress has the ability to act. |
| Brown v. Board of Education | Was key to ending segregation in schools. In 1954, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled segregation unconstitutional. |
| A phrase heard during the 1950's. | As long as we can legislate, we can segregate. |
| In 1963, what percentage of blacks attended white schools? | One percent |
| The 'separate but equal' standard was ruled... | unconstitutional. |
| What is affirmative action? | designed to overcome effects of past societal and individual discrimination against minorities and woman. |
| Immutable characteristic | Innate traits, which we are born, such as gender or race |
| benign discrimination | Consideration of immutable characteristics is allowed as long as it benefits the minority. |
| strict scrutiny | A standard used by the Supreme Court to determine the constitutionality of a law based on the presence of a compelling governmental interest. |
| What is a parochialists? | People who concentrate on specific issues; contact officials. |
| What is a communalists? | Community activists at local level |
| What is a campaigners? | Vote, contrbute money, and volunteer. |
| Conventional participants in politics. | Voting and working in compaigns. |
| Unconventioal participation. | Sit-ins, strikes, riots, bombings and assassinations. |
| What is a social contract? | The idea that government originates as an implied contract among individuals who agree to obey laws in exchange for protection of their rights. |
| Three important works on social capital. | 1. The Social Contract by Jean-Jacques Rousseau--2. Democracy in America by Alexis de Tocqueville--3. Bowling Alone by Robert Putnam. |
| What is social capital? | The stocks of social trust, norms, and networks that people can draw upon to solve problems. |
| Democracy in America is about... | Americans eagerly participated in groups and joined voluntary associations to promote their common interests. |
| Bowling Alone is about.... | Americans were joining fewer groups and that social capital was declining. |
| What is a free rider? | The ability of an individual to enjoy the benefits from a collective action without having to pay for the benefit. |
| What is cleavage? | Division of people according to their political and social views. |
| Position Issue | An issue that divides voters. |
| Hot-button Issue | A position issue of the greatest divisiveness. |
| Wedge Issue | A psition issue that divides members of a political party. |
| Pocketbook Issue | A position issue related to economic matters like taxes, the minimum wage, or farm subsidies. |
| Valence Issue | An issue that does not divide the electorate |
| Incumbent | The present holder of a office. |
Created by:
starham
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