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US History Ch8 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1.Progressivism | movement that responded to the pressures of industrialization and urbanization by promoting reforms |
| 2.muckraker | writer who uncovers and exposes misconduct in politics or business |
| 3.Lincoln Steffens | muckraker who published "The Shame of the Cities" in 1903 on political corruption |
| 4.Jacob Riis | a photographer who photographed the living conditions of the poor and published "How the Other Half Lives" in 1890 |
| 5.Social Gospal | reform movement that emerged in the late nineteenth century that sought to improve society by applying Christian principles |
| 6.settlement house | community center organized at the turn of the twentieth century to provide social services to the urban poor |
| 7.Jane Adddams | became a leading figure in the settlement house movement and opened the Hull House |
| 8.direct primary | election in which citizens themselves vote to select nominees for upcoming elections |
| 9.initiative | process in which citizens put a proposed new law directly on the ballot |
| 10.referendum | process that allows citizens to approve or reject a law passed by a legislature |
| 11.recall | process by which voters can remove elected officials from office before their terms end |
| 12.Florence Kelley | helped found the NCL |
| 13.NCL | group organized in 1899 to investigate the conditions under which goods were made and sold and to promote safe working conditions and a minimum wage |
| 14.temperence movement | movement aimed at stopping alcohal abuse and the problems created by it |
| 15.Margaret Sanger | opened the country's first birth-control clinic in 1916 |
| 16.Ida B. Wells | bought a local newspaper and wrote articles that condemned the mistreatment of blacks |
| 17.suffrage | the right to vote |
| 18.Carrie Chapman Catt | became president of NAWSA in 1900 |
| 19.NAWSA | group founded in 1890 that worked on both the state and national levels to earn women the right to vote |
| 20.Alice Paul | formed the NWP in 1917 |
| 21.nineteenth amendment | constitutional amendment that gave women the right to vote |
| 22.Americanization | belief that assimilating immigrants into American society would make them more loyal citizens |
| 23.Booker T. Washington | most famous black leader of the late nineteenth century who believed blacks should build up their economics resources and establish their reputations as hardworking and honest citizens |
| 24.W.E.B Du Bois | argued that blacks should demand full and imediate equality and not limit themselves to vocational education |
| 25.Niagara Movement | group of African American thinkers founded in 1905 that pushed for immediate racial reforms, particularly in education and voting practices |
| 26.NAACP | interracial organization founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination and to achieve political and civil rights for African Americans |
| 27.Urban League | network of churches and clubs that set up employment agencies and relief effortsto help African Americans get settled and find work in the cities |
| 28.Anti-Defamation League | organization formed in 1913 to defend Jews against physical and verbal attacks and false statements |
| 29.mutualistas | organized groups of Mexican-Americans that make loans and provide legal assistance to other members of their community |
| 30.Theodore Roosevelt | became president of the U.S. in 1901 |
| 31.Square Deal | President Theodore Roosevelt's program of reforms to keep the wealthy and powerrful from taking advantage of small business owners and the poor |
| 32.Hepburn Act | 1906 law that gave the government the authority to set railroad rates and maximum prices for ferries, bridge tolls, and oil pipelines |
| 33.Meat Inspection Act | 1906 law that allowed the federal government to inspect meat sold across state lines and required federal inspection of meat processing plants |
| 34.Pure Food and drug act | 1906 law that allowed federal inspection of food and medicine and banned the interstate shipment and sale of impure food and the mislabeling of food and drugs |
| 35.John Muir | California naturalist whose efforts led to the creation of Yosemite National Park in 1890 |
| 36.Gifford Pinchot | led the Division of Forestry in the U.S. Department of Agriculture |
| 37.National Reclamation Act | 1902 law that gave the federal government the power to decide where and how water would be distributed through the building and managment of dams and irrigation projects |
| 38.new nationalism | President Theodore Roosevelt's plan to restore the governments trustbusting power |
| 39.progressive party | political party that emerged from the Taft-Roosevelt battle that split the Republican Party in 1912 |
| 40.Woodrow Wilson | Democrat candidate in the 1912 election |
| 41.new freedom | Woodrow Wilson's program to place goverenment controls on corporations in order to benefit small businesses |
| 42.sixteenth amendment | 1913 constitutional amendment that gave Congress the authority to levy an income tax |
| 43.federal reserve act | 1913 law that placed national banks under the control of a Federal Reserve Board |
| 44.federal trade commission | government agency established in 1914 to identify monopolistic business practices, false advertising, and dishonest labeling |
| 45. clayton antitrust act | 1914 law that strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act |
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