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Chap 16 History
Stack #55169
| terms | description |
|---|---|
| Great American desert | lands between the Mississippi R. and the Pacific coast |
| mining frontier | started by gold rushes (Ca, SD, CO, NV, ID, AZ) |
| Comstock lode | discovered in 1859, produced 340 million dollars of gold and silver |
| chinese exclusion act | 1882, prohibited more chinese immigrants, became laborers |
| cattle drives | TX, raised and rounded up cattle> economic potential |
| vaqueros | Mexican cowboys |
| brabed wire | Invented by Joseph Glidden, helped farmers fence in their lands |
| Great PLains | land wasnt adequate for farming here, severe weather, etc |
| Oklahoma territory | once for native americans, open for settlement in 1889 |
| frederick Jackson Turner | had a frontier thesis that settlement in frontier shaped society |
| reservations | large tracts of land assigned to plain tribes by the federal government |
| Indian wars | sporadic outbursts of fighting and U.S. troops and plains people |
| Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse | led @nd Sioux war |
| George Custer | colonel, army ambushed and defeated in 1876 by sitting bull n crazy horse |
| Little Big Horn | 2nd sioux war |
| Chief Joseph | had courageous efforts to lead Nez Perce into Canada, defeated 1877 |
| Helen Hunt Jackson | wrote of NA injustices, led to assimilation...A Cantury of Dishonor |
| assimilationists | humanitarians that emphasized segregated formal education, conversion to Christianity |
| Dawes severalty act | 1887, to break up tribes, distribute acres, grant citizenship after 25 years of living there |
| Ghost dance movement | last effort, religious movement, famous medicine man killed |
| Wounded Knee | Dakotas, massacre, marked the end of the indian wars, 200 killed |
| Indian Reorganzation Act | 1934, promoted tribal establishments> 1.8 million NA's today |
| New south | recovering from the devastation of the civil war, visions of a self-sufficient economy based on modern capitalist values, industrial growth, and improved transportation |
| crop lien system | borrowing supplies from local merchants with a mortgage on their crops to be paid at harvest |
| George Washington Carver | African American scientist, promoted growing peanuts, sweet potatoes and soybeans, shifted southern agirculture toward a more diversified base |
| tuskegee institute | alabama, where George W. carver studied |
| Farmers' Southern Alliance | 1890, 1 million members, rallied whites to solve economic problems |
| Colored Farmers' National Alliance | 250, 000 members, rallied to solve economic problems |
| segregation laws | separating public facilities racially to treat African Americans as social inferiors |
| civil rights cases of 1883 | case, ruled that Congress couldnt legislate against the racial discrimination practiced by private citizens |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | 1896, landmark case, LA law required separate but equal accomodations for white and black passengers on RR's |
| Jim Crow laws | segregation laws adopted by southern states |
| grandfather clauses | could only vote if your grandfather voted before reconstruction |
| literacy tests and poll taxes | used as common obstacles for blacks to vote |
| Henry Turner | bishop, formed International Migration society, 1894, to help blacks migrate to Africa |
| Ida B Wells | editor of the Memphis free speech, a black newspaper, dedicated against lynching and the Jim crow laws |
| Booker T Washington | former slave, 1881, established industrial, agricultural schools for blacks |
| National Negro Business League | 1900, establishes countrywide chapters to support African American businesses |
| commercial farming | concentrated farms on cash crops (ex: corn and wheat) for markets |
| crop-price deflation | increased production and global competition drove prices down |
| national Grange movement | 1868 by Oliver Kelley, social educational org. for farmers and families, took political action to defend against middlemen, rr's etc |
| cooperatives | business owned/ run by farmers to save costs of middlemen |
| Granger laws | laws passed by lobbying legislatures, concerned RR's and elevators |
| Munn v. Illinois | 1877, Supreme court upheld states rights to regulate public businesses- like RR's |
| Wabash v. Illinois | 1886, individual states could not regulate interstate commerce |
| Interstate Commerce Act | 1886, requires RR's to be reasonable and just |
| farmers' alliances | alliances to serve farmers' needs for education on new methods, organized economic and political action |
| National Alliance | 1890, national organization of farmers met to address problems of rural America |
| Ocala Platform | direct election of senators, lower tariff rates, graduated income tax, new banking system |
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emmamalo
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