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government wantland
final exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| politics | struggle over power or influence within organizations or informal groups that can grant or with hold benefits or priveleges |
| government | preeminent institution within a society, has ultimate authority to decide how conflicts will be resolved and how benefits and privileges will be alllocated |
| political culture ideals | liberty, self government, equality, individualism |
| capitalism | private ownership of property and a free market economy |
| socialism | state owned government, everyone equally shares wealth |
| totalitarism | dictatorship, one person has complete control over everything |
| Aristotle | natural law |
| Thomas Aquinas | natural law with christian framework |
| protestant reformation | direct communication with God, brought up question in being involved in Government |
| enlightenment | Isaac Newton father of period, human reason, science, toleration |
| Thomas Hobbes | Leviathon, argues have to have gov't or there will be total chaos |
| John Locke | believed in second treatise of Gov't, a social contract, agree to support king, he in return helps you |
| Roots of American Gov't | Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, Enlightenment, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke |
| Stamp Act 1765 | internal taxation of legal documents and newspapers which colonists went against |
| First Continental Congress | requested colonies to send King George III their greviances and start to raise their own troops |
| Declaration of Independence | written by Thomas Jefferson signed by second continental congress, stated people have natural rights and it is the governments job to protect those rights and when they dont the people have the right to rebuttal |
| Common Sense | written by Thomas Paine about how this is the perfect moment and reasons why to gain independence |
| Shays Rebellion | veterans of Revolution cant support themselves and gov't isn't doing anything about it so they rebell. |
| Convention 1787 | also known as miracle in Philadalphia, 55 delecates from the colonies agreed to secracy and began the framework of American Gov't and the constitution. |
| Virgina Plan | created the congress, executive, and judicial branch based on population to determine representatives for congress |
| New Jersey Plan | same principle of Articles of Confederation (One state, One vote), congress regulate trade and impose taxes, all acts of congress supreme law of land, executive office appoint supreme court |
| Great Compromise | created on chamber of congress, bicameral legislation, House based on population in state, senate has 2 per house, help the smaller states still be invovled |
| 3/5 compromise | slaves counted as 3/5 of a person for representation of population |
| Elastic Clause | Article I, Section 8 necessary and proper clause, flexibility to constitutional system |
| supremacy clause | Article VI, supreme law of the land is the constitution |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | gave states less power, Maryland's state bank has no right to get rid of McCulloch's individual bank |
| Dredd Scott v. Sandford | slave is not a citizen has no right to use our government |
| dual federalism | national and state governments are co-equal soveriegn powers |
| cooperative federalism | states and national government cooperate in solving problems |
| categorical grants | federal grants to states or local gov't for specific programs or projects |
| block grants | federal grants that provide funds to the state and local governments for general funtion areas |
| bill of rights | first 10 amendments |
| due process clause | states still have to follow what the constitution states |
| 1st amendment | fredom of religion, speech, and press |
| 5th amendment | self incrimination, stating your rights as a citizen when arrested |
| 8th amendment | no cruel and unusual punishment |
| Libel | written defamation of a persons character, reputation, business, or property rights |
| slander | the public uttering of a false statement that harms the good reputation of another, it has to be heard by a 3rd party |
| obscenity | sexually offensive material, illegal if it is found to violate a 4 part test established by supreme court |
| abolitionism 1800-1850 | 1st Civil Rights movement, advocate the obtainment of rights to African Americans |
| womens rights | senecca falls convention, finally got to vote 1920, 19th amendment |
| 13th Amendment | abolishes slavery |
| 14th Amendment | clearly defines who is a citizen and their priveleges |
| 15th Amendment | says all male citizens 21 and over can vote |
| plessy v. ferguson | facilities had to be seperate but equal--segregation deemed constitutional |
| Civil Rights Act 1964 | Frobade discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, gender, or national origin. |
| Affirmative Action | policies attempt to level the playing field by giving special preferences in educational admissions and employment decisions to groups that have been discriminated in the past |
| Political Socialization | process by which people acquire political beliefs and values. Family, media, schools & peers, impact of events, social groups |
| yellow journalism | favored spanish american war to get people more involved |
| muckraking | expose the evil in American society so it can be removed |
| economic interest group | labor unions to get fair wages, better working conditions, and reasonable hours |
| public interest group | regulations of industries and such for the well being of the people, along w/ enviroment |
| government units | states have lobbyists in D.C. they try to speak on behalf of the people in the state |
| Lobbyists | oraganization or individual that attempts to influence the passage, defeat, or content of legislation and the gov'ts administative decisions. |
| federalists | those who pushed for the ratification of the constitution |
| party machine | 1800s-1920 way a party can be voted into office or holding it is bribing and giving favors with their vote in return |
| propespective judgement | candidate may be able to do if they are elected |
| retrospective judgement | past parties and how they did in office, to influence candidate to run |
| intiative | group of citizens that have their state vote on issue |
| referendum | legislatures put issue to the state voters to decide |
| recall | recalling an issue or person by a vote |
| caucus | self selecting, quantity and quality less and propose policies, find who can be a party delegate |
| australian ballot | secrete ballot prepared, distributed, and tabulated by gov't officials |
| electoral college | 2 senators and number of districts in state determine your states electoral vote for president, winner take all |
| voter turnout | percentage of citizens taking part in the election process, things that affect turnout is income, age, gender, and interest in politics |
| house regulations | 25 years old, residence in state,citizen for 7 years--serve 2 years |
| senate regulations | 30 years old, residence in state, citizen for 9 years-- serve 6 years |
| apportionment | amount of seats in house based on census |
| redistricting | adjust the districts in which the House of Rep. belong to (change boundary lines) |
| trustee | listen to information from constituents, then make best decision |
| delegate | listen to constituents and vote |
| politicio | go with what the constituents say |
| House structure | speaker of house, majority leader, minority leader, majority and minority whips |
| senate structure | president pro tempore, marjority and minority leader, majority and minority whips |
| standing committee | perminent will always be there |
| joint committee | has both senate and house to work out differences |
| ad hoc committee | temporary, when issue is resolved it goes away |
| filibuster | stalling tactic |
| war powers act | gives executive 60 to 90 days to deploy troops then has to give congress their consent, limits presidents cheif executive power |
| presidency requirments | 35 years old, natural born citizen, lived in U.S. last 14 years |
| Pendleton Act 1883 | established the principle of federal gov't employment based on merit and created civil service commission to administer the personnel service |
Created by:
wleverin
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