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Brinkley APUSH ch.12
Ch. 12 us history Identifications
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hudson River School | First great school of American Painters opened in NY. |
| Leatherstocking tales | James Fenimore coopers most important novels were known as this. Among them were the Last of the Mohicans and the Deerslayer. |
| Moby Dick | Hermand Melville's most important novel published in 1851 |
| The Raven | Edgar Allen Poe's most famous poem, 1845 |
| Oversoul | Ralph Waldo Emerson said that the quest for self-reliance was really a search for communion with the unity of the universe the wholeness of God, the Great spiritual force that he described as this. |
| Resistance to Civil Government | Henry David THoreau refused to pay poll tax to government because they permitted the existence of slavery. In this essay he explained his refusal by claiming that the individual's personal morality had the first claim on his actions. |
| Nathaniel Hawthorne | One of the original residents of Brook Farm. wrote the Scarlet Letter |
| Phalanxes | French philosopher Charles Fourier came up with the idea of socialist communities organized as cooperative phalanxes. |
| Owenites | After Robert Own established an experimental community it was an economical failure but the vision it had inspired continued to enchant Americans anad dozens of other Owenites experiments began in other places. |
| Oneida Perfectionists | What the residents of the Oneida Community called themselves. Rejected radional notions of family and marriage. Everyone was married to all other residents, no permanent ties. |
| Shakers | Survived through the 19th an 20th century and some still remain today. Redefinition of traditional sexuality and gender roles in their society. |
| Charles Grandison Finney | evangelistic Presbyterian minister who became the most influential revival leader of the 1820s and 1830s. Preached that each person contained within himself the capacity to experience spiritual rebirth and achieve salvation. |
| Burned-over district | towns along the erie canal where Finney had a lot of success in. It was a region so prone to religious awakening that it was known as this. |
| American Society for the Promotion of temperance | in 1862 emerged as a coordinating agency among various groups; it attmpted to use many of the techniques of revivalism in preaching abstinence from alcohol. |
| Phrenology | belief that the shape of a person's skull was an important indicator of his character and intelligence. |
| Horace Mann | Greatest of the educational reformers. first secretary of Mass. Board of Education 1837 Believed education was only way to protect democracy. |
| Dorothea Dix | reformer who began a national movement for methods of treating the mentally ill. |
| Asylums | places for the mentally ill and criminals developed in the 1820s. |
| Reservations | idea of reform for what to do with the native american problem that emerged in the 1840-50s. Place to move Indians where they would supposedly be protected from whites and allowed to develop to a point where assimilation might be possible. |
| Sarah and Angelina Grimke | Two sisters born in SC who had become active and outspoken abolitionists. |
| Seneca Falls convention | Convention held in 1848 in Seneca Falls, NY that gathered angry group of feminists to disuss their oppression and that of slaves. |
| Emma Willard and Catharine Beecher | Started school just for women. the Troy Female Seminary aka Emma Willard school and the Hartford Female Seminary. |
| Amelia Bloomer | advanced the bloomer look but was ultimately abandoned since it cause such controversy. |
| American Colonization Society | Organization formed in 1817 who worked to challenge slavery without challenging property rights or s. sensibilities. Proposed gradual manumission of slaves with compensation for masters. Wanted to create new colonies for the slaves abroad. |
| Monrovia | Capital of Liberia one of the colonies set up by the American Colonization Society named after American president at the time of the initial settlement. |
| American Antislavery Society | Founded in 1833 by William Lloyd garrison. Had many many followers. |
| walker's Appeal to the Colored Citizens | Harsh pamphlet published in 1829 written by David Walker a free black from Boston. Said this was more of a black man's country than a white mans' since they worked it so hard and that they should kill their masters. |
| Frederick Douglass | Greatest AA abolitionist of all.Born a slave in MD and escaped to Mass. |
| Elijah Lovejoy | Editor of an abolitionist nespaper in Alton, Illinois, the repeat victim of mob violence. |
| Prigg b. Pennsylvania | ruled that states need not aid in enforcing the 1793 law requiring the return of fugitive slaves to their owners. |
| Personal livery laws | laws that forbade state officials to assist in the capture and return of runaways that were passed in several northern states in the 1840s. |
| Free soil | idea that primarily focused on keeping slavery out of the territories. |
| William Wilberforce. | central figure in the reform of the slave trade. Argued religious and moral grounds. persuaded Parliament to pass a law ending slave trade in who British empire. other countries soon followed. |
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