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Brinkley APUSH ch.18
Ch. 18 us history Identifications
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Immigrant Ghettoes | Ethnic communities, formed within cities; attempted to recreate features of the Old World |
| Reform Judaism | Jewish sect; originated in Germany, effort to make Judaism less “foreign” to Christian majority |
| American Protective Association/ Immigration Restriction League | APA: formed by Henry Bowers, committed to eliminating immigration, often employed conspiracy theories and xenophobia; IRL: founded by Harvard alums, wanted immigrant screening (literacy tests, etc.) to separate the “desirables from undesirables” |
| Frederick Law Olmstead | Landscape designed; planned Central Park with Calvert Vaux |
| Columbian Exposition | 1893 World’s Fair in Chicago; inspired the “city beautiful” movement |
| “Streetcar Suburbs” | Neighborhoods built on the edges of a city (cheap land), linked to downtown by trains/streetcars/improved roads, wealthy and middle class |
| Tenement | Late 19th century slum dwellings; often without windows, plumbing or central heat |
| Jacob Riis | Newspaper reporter and photographer; How the Other Half Lives (1890) described tenement life; favored razing of slums (w/o replacements |
| Brooklyn Bridge | Steel-cable suspension bridge, designed by John A. Roebling |
| Louis Sullivan | Chicago architect; introduced functional elements to skyscrapers (large windows, sheer lines, limited ornamentation), taught Frank Lloyd Wright |
| Public Health Services | 1912; prevention of occupational diseases (TB, anemia, CO2 poisoning), attempted to create factory health standards, little enforcement |
| Salvation Army | 1879; charitable organization, focused on religious revivalism |
| William M. Tweed | NYC Tammany Hall party boss; jailed due to excess in 1872 |
| Sears Roebuck | 1887; est. by Richard Sears, consumer goods catalog for rural areas |
| National Consumers League | Formed in the 1890s by Florence Kelley, it attempted to reinforce the power of women as consumers to improve wages and working conditions for women. |
| World Series | The very first one was in 1903 and the Boston Red Sox beat the Natl. League Pittsburgh Pirates |
| National College Athletic Association (NCAA) | It revised the rules of football to make the game more honest and less violent. |
| James A. Naismith | He invented basketball in 1891. |
| George M. Cohan | The first great creator of musical comedies in the early twentieth century. He wrote the songs “Yankee Doodle Dandy”, “Over There”, and “You're a Grand Old Flag” |
| Irving Berlin | Wrote 1,000 songs for the musical theater, two of them being “Alexander's Ragtime Band” and “God Bless America”. |
| Vaudeville | A form of theater adapted from French models. It was the most popular urban entertainment in early 1900s. |
| D.W. Griffith | Introduced some of the first productions with serious plots. |
| Scott Joplin | A “Ragtime” composer whose music was published in the 1890s and became popular |
| William Randolph Hearst | Head of the most powerful newspaper chain which in 1914 controlled 9 newspapers and 2 magazines. |
| “Yellow Journalism” | Hearst and a competitor Joseph Pulitzer popularized it and it was a sensational, distinct of reported with bold graphics purposely designed to reach a mass audience. |
| Theodore Dreiser | An influential writer that encouraged other writers to abandon the pretentious traditions of earlier times and turn to the harsh society of the present. |
| “Pragmatism” | Basically modern society should rely on proven science and theories rather than religion and moral principles. |
| Carlisle School | It's actually called the Carlisle Indian Industrial School and it's located in Pennsylvania. It isolated Indians from their tribes and tried to force them into assimilation. It failed because of a lack of funding, administration, and teaching. |
| “Land-grant” college | There were 69 of these total. Among them were the state university systems of California, Illinois, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. |
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