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Identifications
Chapter 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| joint stock companies | allowed several investors to pool their wealth in support of a colony that would, hopefully, yield a profit. |
| Jamestown | small settlement on a peninsula founded by Virginia's companies. |
| Head-right system | Anyone who paid for their own or another's passage to Virginia received 50 acres of land. |
| Indentured Servants | agreed to a limited term of servitude—usually four to seven years. ; were usually from the lower classes of English society |
| Royal Colony | under direct control of the king |
| Conquistadors | conquerors; Spanish explorers searching for gold and silver |
| Cortes | landed in Mexico in 1519. His army conquered the Aztecs and took their gold |
| New Spain | Spanish colony in the new world |
| Mestizo | person of mixed native American and Spanish consent |
| Montezuma | Aztec emperor who agreed to give the Spanish explorer Cortes a share of the empire’s existing gold supply |
| Bacon's Rebellion | Nathanial Bacon hated Native Americans. 1676, Bacon broke from his old friend Berkeley and raised an army to fight Native Americans on the Virginia frontier. |
| Roger Williams | founded Providence in Rhode Island when he got kicked out of New England |
| Massachusetts Bay Colony | Colony founded by Roger Williams; puritans and non puritans migrated |
| Croatoan | word for a Native American tribe that was carved into a tree |
| Puritans | people from England who believed that someone had to interpret the bible for them in New England. ; forced puritan religion upon the colonists and Native Americans. |
| Imperialism | forcing will and culture upon other people |
| Ponce De Leon | sailed around Florida on Easter Sunday |
| Pilgrims | separatists who fled from persecution |
| Quakers | didn’t believe in violence or war in Pennsylvania, so they were persecuted |
| Proprietorship | the system where an owner had complete control over a colony |
| John Winthrop | first governor of the Puritans in New England |
| Powhatan | group of Native Americans who lived in the area which became Jamestown; overwhelmed by the population. They destroyed farms and kill the colonist's livestock. |
| colonization | system where colonies are cloned by their parent countries |
| Camino Real | 1,500 mile trail in New Mexico which had another name, "the royal road" which goods were carried back and forth between Santa Fe and Mexico City |
| John Rolfe | married Pocahontas, brought high quality tobacco system to England in 1612. |
| House of Burgesses | Virginia's colonial legislature in 1676 |
| New England | home of the Puritans |
| Mayflower Compact | signed by 41 men aboard the Mayflower to form their own government- 1691 |
| Virginia Company | 1606- group of merchants who were interesting in finding English colonies in North America |
| Ecomienda system | harsh labor system in which the natives farmed, ranched, or mined for Spanish landlords, who had received the rights to their labor from Spanish authorities. Was abolished in 1542 by the Spanish monarchy |
| Pizarro | Spanish explorer who traveled around South America in 1530-33 |
| Peter Stuyvesant | the autocratic and unpopular Dutch governor, raised a call to arms when the duke was going to drive out the Dutch in 1664. The call was largely ignored. Severely out manned, Stuyvesant surrendered to the English without anyone firing a shot. |
| Bullion Theory | developed by spain&portugal, a vault located in Kentucky also known as the Fort Knox which is used to store a large portion of U.S. official gold, and, occasionally, other precious items belonging to the federal government; to make powerful |
| Nationalism | patriotism or loyalty to one's country |
| James Fox | Secretary of state for foreign affairs |
| "God, Gold, and Glory" | Phrase used when the early Italian explorers went to the Americas. They all searched for gold. Glory would come upon them if they found the gold and won the battles. They believed that God would reward them in the end for their victories. |
| Treaty of Tordesillas | 1494, Pope Alexander VI, and Spanish and Portuguese agreed upon to make the owners share of the newly claimed land of the New world, fair. |
| Giovanni Da Verrazano | 1524- Italian explorer who wanted to capture Spanish ships, only explorer to anchor away from shore, eaten alive by cannibals when he went exploring in Florida, first man to set foot in the New York Harbor, Narangesett Bay, etc. |
| Metacom | also known as King Philip; led an alliance of Native Americans against the English settlers in 1675. |
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