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VA St 5th Gr (3)
VA St 5th Gr (3) Reconstruction to 20th Century
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The period following the Civil War in which Congress passed laws designed to rebuild the country and bring the southern states back into the Union was called— | Reconstruction |
| After the Civil War, which government agency provided food, schools, and medical care for freed African Americans and others in Virginia? | Freedmen’s Bureau |
| A system in which freedmen and poor white farmers rented land from landowners by promising to pay the owners with a share of the crops was called — | sharecropping |
| An unfair difference in the treatment of people is called— | discrimination |
| What happened to the rights of African Americans after Reconstruction? | Gains in freedom and rights were lost when Jim Crow laws were passed by Southern states. |
| What were “Jim Crow” laws? | Laws that established segregation, or separation of the races, and reinforced prejudices held by whites |
| The separation of people, usually based on race or religion, is called— | segregation |
| After Reconstruction, unfair poll taxes and voting tests were established to keep African American men from voting. This is an example of how African Americans’ lives were affected by— | “Jim Crow” laws |
| What happened to the rights of African Americans during Reconstruction? | African Americans were allowed to vote and began to have power in Virginia’s government |
| What in Virginia grew with people, businesses and factories? | cities |
| What was a key to the expansion of business, agriculture, and industry in Virginia? | railroads |
| What need increased in Virginia after the Civil War and Reconstruction? | More and better roads |
| What was discovered in Tazewell County that grew into an industry in southwest Virginia? | Coal deposits |
| Why did Virginia’s agricultural society begin to change during the early 20th century? | Old systems of farming were no longer effective and crop prices were low. |
| Why did Northern Virginia experience growth during the 20th century? | Increases in the number of federal jobs |
| Abolishment of racial segregation was called— | desegregation |
| Full equality of people of all races in the use of public facilities and services is called— | integration |
| What was the name of the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in 1954 that declared “separate but equal” public schools were unconstitutional? | Brown versus Board of Education |
| What was the name of the policy in Virginia that fought to “resist” the integration of public schools? | Massive Resistance |
| Who was the Virginia governor who led the Massive Resistance movement against the desegregation of public schools? | Harry F. Byrd, Sr. |
| What contribution did Maggie L. Walker make to 20th century Virginia? | First African American woman bank president in the United States |
| What contributions did Harry F. Byrd, Sr. make to 20th century Virginia? | Governor known for a “Pay as You Go” policy for road improvements and modernizing the Virginia state |
| Who was the first African American winner of a major men’s tennis singles championship and was also an author and spokesperson for social change? | Arthur R. Ashe, Jr. |
| Who was the first African American to be elected a state governor in the United States? | L. Douglas Wilder |
| What are the 3 branches of government in Virginia? | Legislative, executive, and judicial |
| What are the powers of the judicial branch? | Decides cases about people accused of breaking the laws and whether or not a law agrees with Virginia’s Constitution |
| Who heads the executive branch of the state government? | The governor |
| What is the name of the legislative branch of the Virginia government? | The General Assembly |
| What are the names of the two parts of the General Assembly? | The Senate and the House of Delegates |
| What branch of government makes sure that state laws are carried out? | The Executive Branch |
| What main products come from the Coastal Plain (Tidewater) region? | Seafood and peanuts |
| What are the main industries in the Coastal Plain (Tidewater) region? | Shipbuilding, Tourism, Military Bases |
| What main products come from the Piedmont region? | Tobacco and information technology |
| What are the main industries in the Piedmont region? | Federal and State Government, Farming, Horse industry |
| What main product comes from the Blue Ridge Mountains region? | Apples |
| What are the main industries in the Blue Ridge Mountains region? | Recreation and farming |
| What are the main products that come from the Valley and Ridge region? | Poultry, apples, dairy and beef |
| What is the main industry in the Valley and Ridge region? | Farming |
| What main product comes from the Appalachian Plateau region? | Coal |
| What is the main industry in the Appalachian Plateau region? | Coal Mining |
| What products does Virginia export? | Agricultural and manufactured products, including tobacco, poultry, coal, and large ships. |
| Why does the federal government have a significant impact on Virginia’s economy? | Many federal workers live and/or work in Virginia |
| In the late 20th century and the early 21st century, Northern Virginia and the Coastal Plain (Tidewater) region have grown due to ⎯ | computer technology. |
| Who was a 20th century president who wrote a plan for world peace? | Woodrow Wilson |
| Who was a military leader who created an economic plan to ensure world peace? | George C. Marshall |
| Who was a lawyer and civil rights leader who for worked for equal rights of African Americans and played a key role in the Brown v. Board of Education decision? | Oliver W. Hill |
| Who was a governor of Virginia who promoted racial equality and appointed more African Americans and women to positions in state government than previous governors? | A. Linwood Holton, Jr. |
| What branch of government makes state laws? | The legislative branch |
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