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8th Gr Ch 7 Amer His
8th Grade Chapter 7 American History, STMM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When did the Revolutionary War begin and end? | Began in 1775, it ended in 1783 |
| What treaty was signed to end the war? | The Treaty of Paris |
| Strengths of the Continental Army? | (1) Patriotism (2)Help from nations oversied that also hated the English (3) A great commander (George Washington) |
| Weaknesses of the Continental Army? | (1) Small number of troops compared to the British, soldiers frequenly only served 6 months or one year and returned home (2) Few were trained for open-field battles (3) Few supplies including weapons, clothing, food |
| Strengths of the British Army? | (1) Large army including mercenaries from Germany and American loyalists and black americans wanting freedom (2) well trained for open field battles (3) well supplied |
| Weaknesses of the British Army? | (1) Distance between Britain and America - can't respond to news as quickly, difficult to send supplies (2) few Britains understood why this war was so important - no gung-ho volunteers (3) poor leadership |
| Lord George Germain | The man chosen by King George to run the war. He had never even been to the US to understand the terrain, etc.. |
| mercenaries | professional soldiers who fight for anyone who will pay them. |
| General William Howe | First led the British forces in America in the Revolutionary War |
| First British strategy | To capture NY and move down to conquer the "heart" of the colonies (or so they believed) Massachusetts |
| What was Washington's response to Britains plans to capture NY? | Headed toward NY to block the British invasion |
| When did George Washington hear the news of the Declaration of Independence being signed? | When he was moving his army from Boston to NY to block the British invasion at the start of the war. |
| What did the British promise African Americans? | Freedom for all who took up arms for the king. |
| Did George Washington allow African Americans in the Continental Army? | Not at first. He didn't want the army to become a haven for run-away slaves. He changed his mind when there was a shortage of volunteers. |
| How did some white's begin to feel after the African American's joined? | They could no long accept slavery. Vermont, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hamp, Rhode Is, and Penn all took steps to end slavery. |
| What happened at the first battle in New York? | High spiritied Americans were crushed and the Continental Army retreated. Howe waited for GW to surrender... |
| Did the battles end for a little while following the battle in NY? | No. The British Army fought the Americans through NY, NJ, Delaware, and Pennsylvania. |
| What did Howe offer rebels that turned themselves in? | Pardon for all that joined the British Army. |
| What was "The Crisis"? | A new pamphlet written by Thomas Paine encouraging soldiers to stay and fight. |
| What battle occurred at Trenton NJ? | GW snuck his troops in after dark on Christmas nigh to suprise attack the Hessians. |
| What did the Hessians do when GW and his troop issued the suprise attack in Trenton? | They surrendered. All 868. |
| Hessians | Mercenaries working for the British army that originally came from Hesse-Cassel Germany. |
| strategy | An overall plan (for example, for winning a war). |
| tactics | Specific ways of carrying out a strategy. |
| What was George Washington's new strategy after the success in Trenton? | He would avoid large battles and become more defensive. Rather than defeating them at once, he hoped to tire them out with smaller battles. |
| Britain's new strategy after GW's success in Trenton? | Take control of NY's Hudson River Valley to cut the New England colonies off from the rest. |
| How did Britain intend to control the Hudson River Valley? | By sending troops down from Canada and to have the other British troops up from NYC, to meet in Albany. |
| General John Burgoyne | He led the British troops down from Canada. |
| Why did it take so long for General John Burgoyne to move the British troops down from Canada? | It was a difficult terrain and they had a heavy load (30 wagons just for him) |
| What happened to General Howe's plan to meet Burgoyne in NY? | He decided instead to take control of Philadelpia. He thought it was a better plan. |
| What happened when Burgoyne landed Saratoga Springs (on the Hudson River)? | It was swarming with malitia. He was outnumbered by rebels and surrendered. |
| How did the other countries in Europe feel after the battle in Saratoga where Burgoyne was defeated? | France sent money, weapons, troops, warships to America. Spain also helped. |
| What happened at Valley Forge? | This is where the British Army made camp for the winter after ths victory in Saratoga. Congress declared a day of Thanksgiving. |
| Baron Friedrich von Steuben | From Prussia, Washington assigned him to train the army. He drilled them continually and made a much stronger army. |
| Marquis de Layfayette | Very wealthy frenchmen who helped to raise the troops spirits. Bought the men warm clothing and spent the winter with them in Valley Forge. |
| Battle of Monmouth | George Washington confronted/battled the Britsh soldiers retreating from Philadelphia to NY. Continental Army was very strong. |
| Who won the battle of Monmouth (Monmouth, NJ)? | The Americans but still a portion of the British army made it back to New York. |
| Who replace Genearl Howe as commander of the British Army in America? | Sir Henry Clinton |
| What was the first thing Sir Henry Clinton did? | Decided to move the troops out of Philadelpia and back to New York. Seemed like a better strategy. |
| What strategy did the British take after losing groud in the New York? | Move the war to the South. |
| Sir Henry Clinton started the War in the South but then he went to NY, who took over to lead the British in the south? | Lord Charles Cornwallis |
| Guerrillas | soldiers who operate on their own and are not part of the regular army. |
| Frances Marion | One of the Amerian Guerellas in the Carolinas. The "Swamp Fox". Would attack the British and retreat back to the swamps. |
| General Nathaniel Greene | Sent by George Washington to slow the British down in the South. |
| What was Nathaniel Greene's strategy since he had such a small army? | To chase and exhaust them through the backcountry. |
| Did Greene's strategy work? | Yes. Cornwallis decided to move his troops out and settle in Yorktown. |
| What was the Trap in Yorktown? | French and American soldiers trapped the British Army on land, and French warships blocked them on the coast. |
| What did Cornwallis do when he was trapped in Yorktown? | surrendered. |
| How did Lord North respond when he heard about Cornwallis surrendering in Yorktown? | He responded with "Oh God. It is all over." |
| Did the war end immediately after the Yorktown battle? | No. King George refused to accept defeat for months following this. |
| What was the Treaty of Paris? | Treaty to end the war and (1) Britain had to recognize the US as an independent nation (2) Britain had to give up land between the Atlantic and Missippi River (E to W) and from Canada to Florida (N to S) (3) US return all rights/property to the loyalists. |
| What was the cost of the war? | 6200 American killed in battle - 10,000 died in camps of diseases - 8,500 died as prisoners |
Created by:
dbarrylewis
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