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PRAXIS WORLD
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Marbury v. Madison: Landmark Supreme Court decision greatly expands the power of the Court by establishing its right to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional | 1803 |
| ). Louisiana Purchase: United States agrees to pay France $15 million for the Louisiana Territory, which extends west from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains | 1803 |
| Lewis and Clark set out from St. Louis, Mo., on expedition to explore the West and find a route to the Pacific Ocean | 1804 |
| War of 1812: U.S. declares war on Britain over British interference with American maritime shipping and westward expansion | 1812 |
| McCulloch v. Maryland: Landmark Supreme Court decision upholds the right of Congress to establish a national bank, a power implied but not specifically enumerated by the Constitution. | 1819 |
| Missouri Compromise: In an effort to maintain the balance between free and slave states, Maine (formerly part of Massachusetts) is admitted as a free state so that Missouri can be admitted as a slave state; except for Missouri, | slavery is prohibited in the Louisiana Purchase lands north of latitude 36°30' |
| Monroe Doctrine: In his annual address to Congress, President Monroe declares that the American continents are henceforth off-limits for further colonization by European powers | 1823 |
| Gibbons v. Ogden: Landmark Supreme Court decision broadly defines Congress's right to regulate interstate commerce | 1824 |
| Construction is begun on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, the first public railroad in the U.S. | 1828 |
| 1830 | President Jackson signs the Indian Removal Act, which authorizes the forced removal of Native Americans living in the eastern part of the country to lands west of the Mississippi River |
| 1831 | Nat Turner, an enslaved African American preacher, leads the most significant slave uprising in American history. He and his band of about 80 followers launch a bloody, day-long rebellion in Southampton County, Virginia. |
| 1831 | William Lloyd Garrison begins publishing the Liberator, a weekly paper that advocates the complete abolition of slavery. He becomes one of the most famous figures in the abolitionist movement. |
| 1836 | Texas declares its independence from Mexico. Texan defenders of the Alamo are all killed during siege by the Mexican Army. Texans defeat Mexicans at San Jacinto. |
| 1838 | More than 15,000 Cherokee Indians are forced to march from Georgia to Indian Territory in present-day Oklahoma. Approximately 4,000 die from starvation and disease along the “Trail of Tears.” |
| 1845 | U.S. annexes Texas by joint resolution of Congress. |
| 1845 | The term “manifest destiny” appears for the first time in a magazine article by John L. O'Sullivan. It expresses the belief held by many white Americans that the United States is destined to expand across the continent. |
| 1846 | Oregon Treaty fixes U.S.-Canadian border at 49th parallel; U.S. acquires Oregon territory |
| 1846 | The Wilmot Proviso, introduced by Democratic representative David Wilmot of Pennsylvania, attempts to ban slavery in territory gained in the Mexican War The proviso is blocked by Southerners, but continues to enflame the debate over slavery. |
| 1846–1848 | Mexican War: U.S. declares war on Mexico in effort to gain California and other territory in Southwest. War concludes with signing of Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Mexico recognizes Rio Grande as new boundary with Texas and, for $15 million. |
| 1848 | Gold is discovered at Sutter's Mill in California. gold rush reaches its height the following year. |
| 1848 | Women's rights convention is held at Seneca Falls, N.Y |
| 1850 | Compromise of 1850: California is admitted as a free state, Utah and New Mexico territories are left to be decided by popular sovereignty, and the slave trade in Washington, DC, is prohibited. |
| 1852 | Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin is published. It becomes one of the most influential works to stir anti-slavery sentiments. |
| 1853 | Gadsden Purchase treaty is signed; U.S. acquires border territory from Mexico for $10 million |
| 1854 | Congress passes the Kansas-Nebraska Act, establishing the territories of Kansas and Nebraska. The legislation repeals the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and renews tensions between anti- and proslavery factions. |
| 1857 | Dred Scott v. Sanford: Landmark Supreme Court decision holds that Congress does not have the right to ban slavery in states and, furthermore, that slaves are not citizens. |
| 1859 | Abolitionist John Brown and 21 followers capture federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Va. |
| 1861 | Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, and Louisiana secede (Jan.). Confederate States of America is established. Jefferson Davis is elected president of the Confederacy |
| 1861–1865 | Civil War: Conflict between the North (the Union) and the South (the Confederacy) over the expansion of slavery into western states. |
| 1861-1865 | Confederates attack Ft. Sumter in Charleston, S.C., marking the start of the war.Emancipation Proclamation is issued, freeing slaves in the Confederate states. ). |
| 1863 | Homestead Act becomes law, allowing settlers to claim land after they have lived on it for five years |
| 1865 | Lincoln is assassinated (April 14) by John Wilkes Booth in Washington, DC, and is succeeded by his vice president, Andrew Johnson. |
| 1865 | Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution is ratified, prohibiting slavery (Dec. 6). |
| 1876 | Lt. Col. George A. Custer's regiment is wiped out by Sioux Indians under Sitting Bull at the Little Big Horn River, Mont. |
| 1890 | National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) is founded, with Elizabeth Cady Stanton as president. |
| 1890 | Sherman Antitrust Act is signed into law, prohibiting commercial monopolies (July 2). |
| 1890 | Last major battle of the Indian Wars occurs at Wounded Knee in South Dakota |
| 1892 | Ellis Island becomes chief immigration station of the U.S. (Jan. 1). 1896 |
| 1898 | Spanish-American War: USS Maine is blown up in Havana harbor, prompting U.S. to declare war on Spain. |
| 1898 | Treaty of Paris is signed, ending the Spanish-American War.Spain gives up control of Cuba, which becomes an independent republic, and cedes Puerto Rico, Guam, and (for $20 million) the Philippines to the U.S. |
| 1914–1918 | World War I: U.S. enters World War I, declaring war on Germany (1917) and Austria-Hungary. |
| 1914 | Panama Canal opens to traffic |
| 1919 | Treaty of Versailles, outlining terms for peace at the end of World War I, is rejected by the Senate |
| 1921 | Warren G. Harding is inaugurated as the 29th president (March 4). He signs resolution declaring peace with Austria and Germany |
| 1938 | Fair Labor Standards Act is passed, setting the first minimum wage in the U.S. at 25 cents per hour (June 25). |
| 1939–1945 | World War II: U.S. declares its neutrality in European conflict (1939). |
| 1941 | F. Roosevelt's third inauguration. He is the first and only president elected to a third term. |
| 1941 | Japan attacks Hawaii, Guam, and the Philippines. U.S. declares war on Japan. Germany and Italy declare war on the United States; U.S. reciprocates by declaring war on both countries. |
| 1941 | PresRoosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin meet in USSR to discuss postwar occupation of Germany. Germany surrenders. PresTruman, Churchill, and Stalin meet at Potsdam, near Berlin, Germany, to demand Japan's surrender and to discuss plans for postwar Europe |
| 1941-45 | U.S. drops atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan. U.S. drops atomic bomb on Nagasaki, Japan. Japan agrees to unconditional surrender. Japanese envoys sign surrender terms aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo harbor |
| 1945 | United Nations is established |
| 1946 | The Philippines, which had been ceded to the U.S. by Spain at the end of the Spanish-American War, becomes an independent republic (July 4). |
| 1948 | Congress passes foreign aid bill including the Marshall Plan, which provides for European postwar recovery |
| 1948 | Soviets begin blockade of Berlin in the first major crisis of the cold war (June 24). In response, U.S. and Great Britain begin airlift of food and fuel to West Berlin. |
| 1949 | North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is established (April 4). |
| 1950–1953 | Korean War: Cold war conflict between Communist and non-Communist forces on Korean Peninsula. North Korean communists invade South Korea |
| 1950–1953 | President Truman, without the approval of Congress, commits American troops to battle. President Truman removes Gen. Douglas MacArthur as head of U.S. Far East Command |
| 1950–1975 | Vietnam War: Prolonged conflict between Communist forces of North Vietnam, backed by China and the USSR, and non-Communist forces of South Vietnam, backed by the United States. |
| 1950–1975 | President Truman authorizes $15 million in economic and military aid to the French, who are fighting to retain control of French Indochina, including Vietnam. |
| 1950–1975 | N Vietnamese torpedo boats allegedly attack U.S. destroyer in Gulf of Tonkin. Congress approves Gulf of Tonkin resolution, authorizing President Johnson to take any measures necessary to defend U.S. forces and prevent further aggression |
| 1950–1975 | U.S. planes begin bombing raids of North Vietnam. First U.S. combat troops arrive in South Vietnam. North Vietnamese army and Viet Cong launch Tet Offensive, attacking Saigon and other key cities in South Vietnam |
| 1950–1975 | South Vietnamese government surrenders to North Vietnam; U.S. embassy Marine guards and last U.S. civilians are evacuated |
| 1954 | Sen. Joseph R. McCarthy accuses army officials, members of the media, and other public figures of being Communists during highly publicized hearings 1954 |
| 1957 | President sends federal troops to Central High School in Little Rock, Ark., to enforce integration of black students |
| 1959 | Alaska becomes the 49th state (Jan. 3) and Hawaii becomes the 50th |
| 1961 | Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba fails. |
| 1961 | A mixed-race group of volunteers sponsored by the Committee on Racial Equality—the so-called Freedom Riders—travel on buses through the South in order to protest racially segregated interstate bus facilities |
| 1962 Lt. Col. John Glenn becomes first U.S. astronaut to orbit Earth (Feb. 20). | |
| 1962 | Cuban Missile Crisis: President Kennedy denounces Soviet Union for secretly installing missile bases on Cuba and initiates a naval blockade of the island |
| 1963 | Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., delivers his “I Have a Dream” speech before a crowd of 200,000 during the civil rights march on Washington, DC |
| 1964 | President Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act |
| 1965 | In his annual state of the Union address, Pres Johnson proposes his Great Society program. |
| 1966 | Miranda v. Arizona: Landmark Supreme Court decision further defines due process clause of Fourteenth Amendment and establishes Miranda rights |
| 1968 | Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., is assassinated in Memphis, Tenn. (April 4). Sen. Robert F. Kennedy is assassinated in Los Angeles, Calif. |
| 1969 | Astronauts Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin, Jr., become the first men to land on the Moon |
| 1970 | Four students are shot to death by National Guardsmen during an antiwar protest at Kent State University |
| 1972 | Nixon makes historic visit to Communist China (Feb. 21–27). |
| 1972 | U.S. and Soviet Union sign strategic arms control agreement known as SALT I |
| 1973 | Roe v. Wade: Landmark Supreme Court decision legalizes abortion in first trimester of pregnancy |
| 1978 | President Carter meets with Egyptian president Anwar Sadat and Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin at Camp David; Sadat and Begin sign Camp David Accord, ending 30-year conflict between Egypt and Israel. |
| 1980 | President Carter announces that U.S. athletes will not attend Summer Olympics in Moscow unless Soviet Union withdraws from Afghanistan |
| 1986 | Space shuttle Challenger explodes 73 seconds after liftoff, killing all seven crew members. It is the worst accident in the history of the U.S. space program. |
| 1987 | Reagan and Gorbachev sign INF treaty, the first arms-control agreement to reduce the superpowers' nuclear weapons |
| 1990 | Iraqi troops invade Kuwait, leading to the Persian Gulf War (Aug. 2). 1991 |
| 1992 | Following the breakup of the Soviet Union in Dec. 1991, President Bush and Russian president Boris Yeltsin meet at Camp David and formally declare an end to the cold war. |
| 1998 | President Clinton releases 1999 federal budget plan; it is the first balanced budget since 1969. |
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misty66
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