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BR Chem Ch3
Flashcards from chapter 3 of Berkley Review's chemistry book (2010)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Keq | Keq = [products]/[reactants] |
| Catalyst effect on reaction rates | Catalysts lowers activation energy so it speeds up both the forward and reverse reaction equally |
| Factors that can affect Keq | Temperature |
| atm to torr conversion | 1atm = 760torr |
| Complex equilibrium | If overall equation is sum of two equations, Keq=K1*K2 |
| Equilibrium in flasks | Fixed volume, pressure varies |
| Equilibrium in pistons | Fixed pressure, volume varies |
| Exothermic and deltaH | deltaH < 0 |
| Endothermic and deltaH | deltaH > 0 |
| Isothermal | No change in temperature during the reaction |
| Adiabatic | No change in heat during the reaction |
| Dissolving | Breakdown of intermolecular forces between molecules as a solid becomes a solute |
| Dissociation | Breakdown of ionic bonds between atoms within a lattice structure as a salt turns into a solute |
| Solvent | Species in greatest concentration |
| Solute | Species not in highest concentration |
| Solubility | A measurement of the degree of dissolving that a solute undergoes within a particular solvent |
| Saturated | No more solid can dissolve into solution |
| Supersaturated | Amount of solid that is dissolved is beyond the maximum amount at a given temperature. First heat a solvent, then add solute until saturated, then slowly cool |
| Solubility product (Ksp) | Equilibrium constant for a dissociation reaction |
| Molar solubility | Maximum number of moles of solid that can dissolve into enough solvent to make one liter of solution under standard conditions. This is what you use to compare solubilities |
| Gram solubility | Maximum number of grams of solid that can dissolve into enough solvent to make one hundred milliliters of solution under standard conditions |
| Common ion effect | Presence of an ion that is also present in the solid... lowers solubility |
| Comparing solubility | Use molar solubility, not Ksp (unless Ksp has same units) |
| Conditions that make acidic salts most soluble | Basic solutions |
| Conditions that make basic salts most soluble | Acidic solutions |
| Temperature effects on density | Lowers density |
| Temperature effects on molarity | Lowers molarity |
Created by:
kcurtiss
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