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Semester Exam Vocab1
Suruchi Bhan
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Charter | Written Contract issued by govt. giving right to holder to establish. |
| Jamestown | First permanent English settlement |
| John Smith | Soldier and Adventurer that took control of Jamestown |
| Indentured Servant | People who sold their labor to person who paid for passage because they couldn’t afford |
| House of Burgesses | 1st representative assembly in American colonies |
| Pilgrims | Separatist group that eventually came to America |
| Mayflower Compact | Compact where the pilgrims promised to obey the law of a colony |
| Puritans | Another group that fled to America where they would purify Church of England practices |
| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | Laws that the puritans made in the Connecticut valley |
| Proprietary Colony | A colony that is owned by owner |
| Quaker | A group that believed in religious freedom and equality |
| William Penn | A large land owner in America and was in the Quakers |
| Royal Colony | A colony that is ruled by governors which are appointed by the king |
| James Oglethorpe | Founder of Georgia for a military outpost |
| Joint Stock Company | People insert money into projects & have pieces of ownership, and share profits & losses. |
| Backcountry | A region running along the Appalachian mountains through the far western part of other regions |
| Subsistence farming | producing enough food for family use and sometimes a little extra to trade in town |
| Triangular Trade | The name for a trading route with 3 steps |
| Navigation Acts | Laws the England govt. passed to make sure that they got money from their colonies trade |
| Smuggling | Importing or exporting goods illegally |
| Cash crop | Crops raised to be sold for money |
| Diversity | Variety |
| Indigo | Plant that had a rich blue dye |
| Overseer | Person that watched over and directed the slave work |
| Appalachian Mountains | Mountain range from east Canada to Alabama |
| Great Awakening | Religious movement that swept through the colonies in the 1730’s and 1740’s |
| Benjamin Franklin | Famous American Enlightened figure and scientist and inventor |
| Jonathan Edwards | Well known minister of the Great Awakening |
| George Whitefield | Popular minister of the Great Awakening |
| Enlightenment | Intellectual movement stressing reason & science as the paths to knowledge. |
| Benjamin Franklin | Famous American Enlightenment figure, scientist, and inventor |
| John Locke | English philosopher who argued that people have natural rights |
| Magna Carta | A 1215 document that showed democracy early on |
| Parliament | England’s chief lawmaking body |
| Salutary Neglect | Leaving something or someone alone in a helpful way |
| John Peter Zenger | Colonial publisher who’s trial in 1735 led to freedom of press |
| French and Indian War | War between France & Britain for control of North America. Both had Indian allies. |
| Albany Plan of Union | First formal proposal to unite the British colonies. |
| Treaty of Paris 1763 | Treaty ending the F&I War and France’s power in North America |
| Pontiac’s Rebellion | Indian revolt against the British in 1763 |
| Proclamation of 1763 | British order forbidding the colonists to settles west of the Appalachian Mountains |
| Articles of Confederation | The first government of the U.S. |
| Northwest Ordinance | Law that organized the NW territory |
| James Madison | One of the leaders of the Constitutional Convention |
| Great Compromise | Called for a 2-house legislature with representatives based on population in 1 house, and equal representation in the other house |
| Anti-Federalists | People who opposed ratification of the Constitution |
| Bill of Rights | Set of amendments to the Constitution to protect individual rights |
| Land of Ordinance of 1785 | Law that set up townships in the western lands |
| Shay’s Rebellion | Anti-tax protest by farmers |
| New Jersey Plan | Plan that called for representation in the legislature to be based on states’ population or wealth |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | Called for counting 3 |
| The Federalists Papers | Essays that explained & defended the Constitution |
| Northwest Territory | Land that formed modern states of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and part of Minnesota |
| Constitutional Convention | Meeting in Philly called to change the Articles of Confederation |
| Virginia Plan | Plan that called for each state to have representation in legislature |
| Federalists | People who supported the ratification of the Constitution |
| George Mason | Influential Virginian who opposed the Constitution |
| Popular Sovereignty | Government where the people rule |
| Separation of Powers | Division of basic government into 3 branches |
| Individual Rights | Personal liberties and privileges |
| Republicanism | People show their power by voting for representatives |
| Checks & Balances | Each branch of government can control some of the other branch |
| Preamble | The introduction to the Constitution |
| Federalism | Power is divided by central government & smaller units (states) |
| Limited Government | Everyone must obey the law no matter who you are |
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