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Road to Rev
acts, protests, etc. leading to American Revolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What Indian tribes helped the French during the French and Indian war? | Algonquin and Huron |
| What country helped the French during the French and Indian War? | Spain |
| What is the term for a country or group of people that helps another during the war? | Ally |
| What 3 European countries had power in the Americas before the French and Indian War? | Spain, France, England |
| Where did Britain have land AFTER the French and Indian War? | East of the Mississippi River, including Florida |
| Where did Spain have land AFTER the French and Indian War? | West of the Mississippi River |
| Where did France have land AFTER the French and Indian War? | France lost all land in America. |
| Where did Britain have land BEFORE the French and Indian War? | Land along the Atlantic Coast (not including Florida) to the east and Appalachian Mountains to the west- called the 13 colonies |
| Where did France have land BEFORE the French and Indian War? | In Canada and along Mississippi River, including Louisiana |
| Where did Spain have land BEFORE the French and Indian War? | Florida, Mexico, Southwest U.S., Caribbean, Central America |
| Britain called the war the French and Indian War. What did France call it? | Seven years war |
| Name the land that the French and British were fighting over during the French and Indian War. | Ohio River Valley |
| Where was the Ohio River Valley located? | Between Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River. |
| What was so valuable about the Ohio River Valley? | Fertile soil for farming and along the Mississippi River- good for trade! |
| Name 2 advantages the British had going into the French and Indian War. | Best navy in the war, 15x the population to fight than France had, colonies are close together (easier to defend) |
| Name 2 advantages the French had going into the French and Indian War. | Had many more Indian allies on their side, who knew the land well and were smart about using the land to fight effectively. Also had a unified government instead of 13 separate ones like the 13 colonies |
| What country was winning the first years of the French and Indian War? | France |
| Why was France so successful at the beginning of the French and Indian War? | They had lots of Indian allies that knew the land well and were smarter about using the land to fight in a way that was less organized, but more effective |
| Why did Britain have so much trouble winning during the first years of the French and Indian War? | They had a leader who thought he knew it all. His name was General "Bulldog" Braddock, and he fought in an older style- European. He preferred to fight in an open field with lines of men walking towards eachother into battle. |
| What famous man was a young general during the French and Indian War? He was captured and almost killed, but was let go. | George Washington |
| What happened that allowed the British to win the French and Indian War? | William Pitt, a new leader in Britain, really wanted to win the war in America against the French, so he put lots of money into the war, paying the colonists and bringing the best generals to fight against the French. It worked- GB won because of this! |
| What city was the last to be captured during the French and Indian War? | Quebec, Canada- a major trading post/center for the French |
| What was the name of the treaty that ended the French and Indian War? | Treaty of Paris |
| What land did France lose in the Treaty of Paris? | All of their land in the U.S. ! |
| What land did Britain gain according to the Treaty of Paris? | Britain's land now included all the land east of the Mississippi, including Florida. They won the entire Ohio River Valley. |
| What land did Spain get/lose according to the Treaty of Paris? | Spain allied with France at the end of the war, so Britain punished them by taking Florida away from them. But Spain was allowed to keep all of its land west of the Mississippi River. |
| Name something that happened as an effects of the French and Indian War. | France lost all control/land in America. Colonists felt more independence and pride towards other colonies, not just their own. Britain had HUGE DEBT that they needed to find a way to pay. |
| Why was the Proclamation of 1763 created? | Because colonists wanted to move past the App. Mountains to live in the Ohio River Valley, but they had to fight Indians to get the land. This cost Britain a lot of money they didn't have. They wanted to keep them out of there, so made the proclamation. |
| What was the Proclamation of 1763? | It was the first attempt by Britain to save money after the French and Indian War. The law tried to keep colonists from crossing over the App. Mtns. so they wouldn't spend money fighting the Indians on the land. |
| What was the result of the Proclamation of 1763? | Many of the colonists didn't follow it anyway. It was also hard to enforce and GB soldiers didn't do a very good job. GB needed to find a way to raise money instead. |
| Was the Proclamation of 1763 a success? | No! |
| What was the Sugar Act- there are 2 parts! | Taxed molasses coming into the colonies (to raise money) AND created harsher punishments for anyone trying to bring in sugar illegally/smuggling |
| Name the things that were taxed in the Stamp Act. | diplomas, wills, almanacs, newspapers, playing cards, dice, contracts |
| Under the Stamp Act, what was used as proof that a colonist had paid the tax? | A stamp, or seal, was put on items for which a tax was paid. |
| What did the Townshend Acts tax? | Lead, paper, paint, glass, tea- UH! |
| What was the second part of the Townshend Acts? (besides what was taxed?) | The Writs of Assistance, which were legal documents that were like search warrants but no proof/evidence was needed. GB soldiers could go in a colonist's home or ship search for illegal items for no reason. |
| How many colonists died in the Boston Massacre? | Five |
| What man created the Albany Plan of Union? | Benjamin Franklin |
| Where was the Albany Congress held? | Albany, New York |
| Who attended the Albany Congress? | It was led by Ben Franklin but attended by representatives, or delegates from the colonies. Only 7 of the 13 showed up. |
| What were the 2 goals of the Albany Congress? | To unite the colonies to fight France during the French and Indian War (by raising taxes, creating an army, and having similar laws) and to get the Iroquois Indians ally with them. |
| Were the goals of the Albany Congress met? | No. Iroquois did NOT ally with the British and the colonies would not join to fight. |
| What political cartoon did Ben Franklin create to get the colonies to work together at the Albany Congress? | Snake cartoon called "join, or die" that showed a snake cut up, where each part was a different colony. He tried to show that if the colonies did not unite to fight France they would be as powerful as a cut-up snake, but together they'd win |
| Who was supposedly the first person to fall at the Boston Massacre? | Crispus Attucks |
| What were the British soldiers accused of doing during the Boston Massacre? | Many colonists argued that they wanted and did shoot into the crowd on command from their captain. They were accused of being murderers. |
| What did the colonists do during the Boston Massacre? | Taunt/make fun of the British, hit them with snowballs and sticks/clubs, encourage them to fire at them, gather closely around the British soldiers, overcrowding and confusing them |
| What famous man created an engraving about the Boston Massacre? | Paul Revere |
| What was wrong in the engraving by Paul Revere? | Too few colonists, one less British soldier, shows soldiers lined up and captain yelling fire, no colonists doing anything wrong |
| Who was the person that defended the GB soldiers during the Boston Massacre Trial? | John Adams |
| What form of protest means to cover a tax collector in tar and place feathers all over the tar to humiliate him? | Tar and feather |
| What form of protest means to stop buying goods that are taxed? (intending to hurt the business). | Boycott |
| What form of protest means to write a complaint and then have as many people as possible sign it to show their dislike for it? | Petition |
| What group of male colonial protestors was formed in the colonies? | Sons of Liberty |
| Who created the Sons of Liberty? | Sam Adams |
| What did the Daughters of Liberty do? | They were women in the colonies who protested the British taxes and actions through letters, petitions, and boycotts of British linens/goods. |
| Who started the Committees of Correspondence? | Sam Adams and the Sons of Liberty |
| What was the purpose of the Committees of Correspondence? | To write letters/information between the colonies, letting eachother know what was going on and offering ideas/suggestions about protests. etc. |
| What does the word repeal mean? | To cancel. Colonists would try to get acts repealed, or cancelled (like they never existed). |
| What does the protest form "hangings in effigy" mean? | This means to take a fake representation, like a straw dummy, dress it up as a person you were upset with, and hang it or burn it to symbolize that the same would happen to the real person if they were here. |
| Who was a famous colonists known for his amazing speeches against the British? | Patrick Henry |
| What man was known for being a lawyer and strong speaker in the colonies? He was the lawyer for the British in the Boston Massacre trial. | John Adams |
| What man started the Sons of Liberty and Committees of Correspondence, who was shy/not a good public speaker, was worked well behind the scenes? | Sam Adams |
| What women wrote plays that made fun of the British soldiers as a form of protest? | Mercy Otis Warren |
| Besides Paul Revere, what other two men made the "Midnight Ride"? | William Dawes and Samuel Prescott |
| Why were the colonists upset with the Tea Act? | The price of tea was lowered, but it wasn't because they eliminated or lowered the British tax. It was because the colonial merchants were cut out of the trade. The colonists were upset that colonial merchants lost money and business because of this. |
| What was Boston's reaction to the Tea Act? | Boston Tea Party |
| Which group held the Boston Tea Party? | Sons of Liberty |
| What did the Sons of Liberty do on the night of the Boston Tea Party? | They boarded the British East India Company's tea ships and dumped all the tea into the harbor, humiliating the British and costing them millions of dollars. |
| What did the Sons of Liberty dress up as during the night of the Boston Tea Party? | Mohawk Indians |
| What was the punishment on Boston for the Boston Tea Party? | Intolerable Acts |
| What area did the Intolerable Acts seek to punish specifically? | Boston citizens |
| What were the 4 parts of the Intolerable Acts? | 1. Boston port shut down 2. No town meetings 3. GB soldiers that commit crime tried in GB instead of in colonies, getting less harsh sentence, 4. Quartering Act |
| What was the Quartering Act? | Part of the Intolerable Acts. GB soldiers were allowed to knock on any colonist's door and demand room and board/food for the night. Colonists could not say no without consequences. |
| How long did the King declare that Boston Harbor be shut down for? | Until money lost in tea was paid off by the citizens of Boston |
| Why was closing the Boston port so devastating to the colonists (as part of the Intolerable Acts?) | Because so many Boston citizens depended on the trade (import/export) business, trading, and fishing. They depended on the commerce from the port. |
| How did other colonies respond to the Intolerable Acts? | Were worried that their colony or city might soon be next, treated in a similar way to Boston. They came to Boston's aide and decided something must be done. |
| Where did the 1st continental congress meet? | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
| Why did the 1st Continental Congress meet? | To come up with a united plan to defend themselves against continued British hostility and taxes. |
| What did the 1st Continental Congress do (two things). | Agreed that all colonies would boycott ALL goods and materials from Britain. Also, colonies would gather their militia (emergency army of colonists) so that it was ready to fight should the British attack or march. |
| What did the nonimportation agreements do? | They were done by colonial merchants as a form of protest. They were designed to not sell any British goods (imports) in their stores to hurt GB financially |
| Name the phrase that states why the colonists had such a complaint about the British taxes. | No taxation without representation- wanted to at least have a say in what was taxed, when, and how much, but didn't get this from the taxes |
| After the 1st Continental Congress, it is rumored that the British will march to Concord, located outside of Boston. Why do they plan to do this? | British soldiers find out that ammunition, like guns and powder, is being stored in large amounts in a warehouse in Concord. They don't want the colonists to actually use this against them, so they march to take the weapons. |
| When the colonists find out that the British will march to Concord, what do the colonists do? | They decide to send riders out ahead of the marching GB soldiers to warn all the towns around the route to Concord, calling the militia to get ready and defend Concord. They also want to let Sam Adams and John Hancock know the GB are coming |
| Why does Paul Revere want to get to Lexington? | He knows that Sam Adams and John Hancock are hiding at a house in Lexington. He wants to warn them that the British are marching there. If GB found them, they would be killed as traitors. |
| What signal do the riders look for the night of their "midnight ride?" | Lanterns in the church in Boston, called teh Old North Church. 1 will hang for land, and 2 will hang for sea, meaning which way the British will travel to Lexington and Concord |
| How many lanterns are hung the night of the Midnight Ride? | Two- the British will go by water to reach the road to Lexington and Concord. |
| Paul Revere and William Dawes make it to Lexington, where they join with Samuel Prescott. Do all make it safely to Concord? | No- They are detected by the British, who capture Paul Revere and Dawes (but later let them go). Prescott rides on to Concord to warn the militia. |
| What happens when British soldier reach the town of Lexington? | There is a small group of colonial militia on the village green, waiting for the British, hoping to stop them from going on the Concord. |
| What happens at Lexington? | The first few minutes after British arrive, no one does anything; they watch eachother. Then, a shot is fired, but nobody knows from what side. more shots from both sides are fired. A handful of colonists are killed; the rest run away. GB marches on |
| What happens when the British reach Concord? | More colonial militia in greater numbers are hiding around the town and surrounding woods. The GB dont find the store of weapons, so head back to Boston upset. |
| What happens as the British march back to Concord? | The colonial militia use the land as barriers, shooting at the marching soldiers from behind rocks, fences, trees, and running through the woods to stop and fire at teh British. This happens all the way back to Boston. |
| What happens to the British soldiers when they have marched back to Concord? | They are very tired and many have been killed or injured. The colonists had followed them, shooting at them, all the way from Concord to Boston. |
| Why was Lexington and Concord important? | First battles/fighting of the war. Shows that colonists do have some strengths, but war will be tough. Both sides get ready for war. |
| Why was the shot at Lexington called the "Shot Hear Round the World"? | Because for the first time, a group of people were fighting their own country, trying to earn independence from it. Other countries and people would watch this event to see if the colonists could beat the best army/navy in the world. |
| What was the militia? | The militia were colonial armies, consisting of men willing to volunteer to help defend their towns and other colonies in the event of British attack. They were very disorganized at first |
| Who were the minutemen? | The minutemen were an "elite" part of the colonial militia, men that were strong, quick, and willing to be leaders of their militia. They were said to be ready to fight in a "minute's" notice if needed |
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