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1950s/1960s
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Dixiecrats | one of the southern delegates who, to protest president Truman's civil rights policy, walked out of the 1948 democratic national convention and formed the state's rights democratic party. |
| Fair Deal | President Harry S. Truman's economic program- an extension of franklin roosevelt's new deal-which included measures to increase the minimum wage, to extend social coverage, and to provide housing for low-income families. |
| cold war | the state of hostility, without direct military conflict, that developed between the us and the soviet union after world war II. |
| McCarthyism | the attacks, often unsubstantiated, by senator Joseph McCarthy and others on people suspected of being communists in the early 1950's. |
| suburbs | a residential town or community near a city. |
| baby boom | the sharp increase in the us birthrate following WWII. |
| brown v. topeka board of education | a 1954 case in which the supreme court ruled that "separate but equal" education for black and white students was unconstitutional. |
| Blacklist | a list of about 500 actors, writers, producers, and directors who were not allowed to work on hollywood films because of their alleged communist connections. |
| eisenhower doctrine | a us commitment to defend the middle east against attack by any communist country, announced by president dwight d. eisenhower in 1957. |
| planned obsolescence | the designing of products to wear out or to become outdated quickly, so that people will feel a need to replace their possessions frequently. |
| consumerism | a preoccupation with the purchasing of material goods. |
| containment | the blocking of another nation's attempts to spread its influence-especially the efforts of the us to block the spread of soviet influence during the late 1940's and early 1950's. |
| brinkmanship | the practice of threatening an enemy with massive military retaliation for any aggression. |
| sputnik | the world's first artificial satellite launched by the soviets. |
| warsaw pact | a military alliance former in 1955 by the soviet union and its eastern european satellites. |
| united nations | an international peace keeping organization to which most nations in the world belong, founded in 1945 to promote world peace, security, and economic development. |
| beat movement | a social and artificial movement of the 1950's, stressing unrestrained literary self-expression and nonconformity with the mainstream culture. |
| iron curtain | a phrase used by winston churchill in 1946 to describe an imaginary line that separated communist countries in the soviet bloc of eastern europe from countries in western europe. |
| U-2 incident | the drowning of a us spy plain and the capture of its pilot by the soviet union in 1960. |
| GI bill of rights | a name given to the servicemen's readjustment act, a 1944 law that provided financial and educational benefits for WWII veterans |
| New Frontier | president kennedy's legislative program, which included proposals to provide medical care for the elderly, to rebuilt blighted urban areas, to aid education, to bolster the national defense, to increase international aid, and to expand the space program |
| peace corps | an agency established in 1961 to provide volunteer assistance to developing nations in Asia, Africa, and Latin America |
| the warren commission | a group, headed by chief justice earl warren that investigated the assassination of president kennedy and concluded that lee harvey oswald was alone responsible for it. |
| the great society | president johnson's program to reduce poverty and racial injustice to promote a better quality of life in the us. |
| medicare | a federal program, established in 1965 that provides hospital insurance and low-cost medical insurance to americans 65 and over. |
| medicaid | a program, established in 1965 that provides health insurance for people on welfare. |
| Berlin wall | a concrete wall that separated east Berlin and west Berlin from 1961 to 1989 built by the communist east German government to prevent its citizens from fleeing to the west. |
| sit-ins | a form of demonstration used by african americans to protest discrimination, in which the protesters sat down in a segregated buisness and refused to leave until they were served. |
| civil rights act 1964 | a law that banned discrimination on the basis of race, sex, national origin, or religion in public places and most work places. |
| voting rights act 1965 | a law that made it easier for blacks to register to vote by eliminating discriminatory literacy tests and authorizing federal examiners to enroll voters denied at the local level. |
| civil rights act of 1968 | a law that banned discrimination in housing. |
| black power | a slogan used by stokely carmichael in the 1960's that encouraged black pride and political and social leadership. |
| black panthers | a militant african american political organization formed in 1966 by Huey Newton and bobby seale to fight police brutality and to provide services in the ghetto. |
| freedom riders | one of the civil rights activists who rode buses through the south in the early 1960's to challenge segregation. |
| feminism | the belief that women should have economic, political, and social equality with men. |
| National Organization of Women (NOW) | an organization founded in 1966 to pursue feminist goals, such as better child care facilities, improved education opportunities, and an end to job discrimination. |
| woodstock | a free music festival that attracted more than 400,000 young people to a farm in upstate new york in aug. 1969. |
| counterculture | the culture of the young people who rejected mainstream american society in the 1960s, seeking to create an alternative society based on peace, love, and individual freedom. |
| warren court | the supreme court during the period when earl warren was chief justice, noted for its activism in the areas of civil rights and free speech. |
| freedom summer | a 1964 project to register african american voters in mississippi. |
| student non-violent coordinating committee (SNCC) | an organization that formed in 1960 to coordinate sit-ins and other protests and to give young blacks a larger role in the civil rights movement. |
| southern christian leadership conference (SCLC) | an organization formed in 1957 by dr. martin luther king jr and other leaders to work for civil rights through nonviolent means. |
| Hollywood Ten | 10 unfriendly witnesses from the hollywood film industry decided not to answer questions because they believed their hearings were unconstitutional and were sent to prison. |
| francis gary powers | a u-2 pilot captured by the soviet union after his plane was shot down. spent 18 months in prison |
| C.I.A | Central Intelligence Agency- used spies to gather information abroad. it began to carry out secret operations to weaken or overthrow governments unfriendly to the US. |
| the buck stops here | the quote from the plaque on Truman's white house desk. it represented his decisiveness and willingness to accept responsibility for his decisions. |
| checkers speech | a speak by richard nixon denying any wrongdoing but admitted to accepting a cocker spaniel for his girls named checkers. |
| Yuri Gagarin | a soviet who became the first human in space. a cosmonaut (soviet astronaut) |
| alan shepard | american astronaut on Freedom 7 who became the first american to travle into space. |
| the other america | a book by Michael Harrington, brought awareness to the problem of poverty in america. |
| silent spring | book written by Rachel Carson that exposed the hidden dangers of the effects of pesticides on the environment. resulted in the Sater Quality Act of 1965. |
| unsafe at any speed | a book written by ralph nader that sharply criticized the us automobiles. led to congress establishing safety standards for cars, tires, and seatbelts. |
| Mapp v. Ohio | the court ruled that evidence seized illegally could not be used in state courts. this is called the Exclusionary rule. |
| Escobedo v. illinois | the justices ruled that an accused person has a right to have a lawyer present during police questioning. |
| gideon v. wainwright | the justices required criminal courts to provide free legal counsel to those who could not afford it. |
| Miranda v. arizona | the court ruled that all suspects must be read their rights before questioning. |
| james meredith | air force veteran who won a federal court case that allowed him to enroll in the all-white university of mississippi. |
| governor ross barnett | refused to let james meredith register as a student at the university of mississippi. |
| "i say segregation now! segregation tomorrow! segregation forever!" | George Wallace responding to court order to desegregate the university of Alabama. |
| "this is the most segregated city in america!" | martin luther king jr about birming alabama. |
| bull connor | police commisioner whos men arrested 959 african american children marching in Birmingham on may 2 using fire hoses, attack dogs, and other tactics. |
| medgar evers | NAACP field secretary and wwII veteran murdered by a sniper shortly after midnight before kennedy's speech in mississippi. |
| cesar chavez | organized NFWA and nonviolent boycotts such as the grape boycott. |
| united farm workers organizing committee | (UFWOC) union of farm workers in california who wanted better working conditions and higher pay. |
| American Indian Movement | native american rights organization. native americans were dissatisfied with the slow pace reform. largely a self-defense group against police brutality and protecting rights of native americans in northern and western states. |
| "tune in, turn on, drop out" | credo of Timothy Leary embraced by hippies. |
| Haight-Ashbury | in san francisco known as the hippie capital. |
| two candidates for president in 1960? | John F. Kennedy (dem) and Richard M. Nixon (rep) |
| how old was kennedy? | 43, the youngest elected president |
| kennedy's religion? | roman catholic, only catholic president |
| event that helped kennedy win the election? | first televised debate between presidential candidates |
| quote from kennedy's inauguration speech? | "and so my fellow americans, ask not what your country can do for you- ask what you can do for your country. |
| nickname for the kennedy years in the white house? | Camelot years |
| purpose of the bay of pigs invasion? | trigger a mass uprising to overthrow castro. |
| what country placed missiles in cuba and brought on the cuban missile crisis? | soviet union |
| leader of the soviet union during the cuban missile crisis? | Nikita Khrushchev |
| what was the us prepared to do to prevent more missilse from reaching cuba? | soviet ships headed toward cuba while the US navy prepared to quarantine cuba. US troops waited in florida to invade cuba. |
| date that kennedy was assassinated? | november 22, 1963 |
| city/state where kennedy was assassinated. | dallas, texas |
| charged with kennedys death | lee harvey oswald |
| killed lee harvey oswald | jack ruby |
| president after kennedy was assassinated | lyndon johnson |
| why was the berlin wall built between east and west berlin? | to stop the flow of refugees from east to west berlin. most were seeking freedom from communist rule. |
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marshmallow811
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