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social studies exam:
exam study guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| joint stock company | a business in which investors pool their wealth in order to turn a profit. |
| charter | a written contract issued by a government giving the holder the right to establish a colony. |
| jamestown | the first permanent english settlement in north america. |
| john smith | a soldier and adventure, who took controls as jamestown grew. |
| indentured servent | a person who sold their labor for passage way to america. |
| house of burgresses | created in 1619, the first representative assembly in the american colonies. |
| pilgrims | a member of the group that rejected the church of england, sailed to america, and founded the plymouth colony in 1620. |
| mayflower compact | an agreement established by the men who sailed to america on the may flower , which called for laws for the good of the colony and set forth the idea of self - government. |
| puritan | a member of a group from angland that settled the massachusetts bay colony in 1630 and sought to reform the practices of the church in england. |
| fundamental orders of connecticut | a set laws that were reestablished in 1639 by a puritan congregation who had settled in the connecticut vally and that expanded the idea of representative government. |
| proprietary colony | a colony with a single owner. |
| william penn | was a large land owner, who was already born in a wealthy family and turned to a quaker with his fathers disapprovel. |
| quaker | a person who believed all people should live in peace and harmony; accepted different religions and ethnic groups. |
| royal colony | a colony ruled by a governs appointed by a king. |
| james oglethrope | founded georgia as a refuge for debators. |
| back country | Sparsely populated rural region remote from a settled area |
| subsistence farming | farming whose products are intended to provide for the basic needs of the farmer, with little surplus for marketing. |
| triangle trade | a pattern of colonial commerce in which slaves were bought on the African Gold Coast with New England rum and then traded in the West Indies for sugar or molasses, which was brought back to New England to be manufactured into rum. |
| navigation acts | a series of laws passed by parliment , begining in 1651, to ensure that england made money from its colonys trade. |
| smuggling | to illegally import or export goods. |
| cash crop | a crop grown by a farmer to be sold for money rather than for personal use. |
| diversity | a variety of people. |
| indigo | a plant grown in the southern colonies that yeilds a deep blue dye. |
| overseer | a worker hired by a planter to watch over and direct the work of slaves. |
| appalachian moutains | a moutain range that stretches from eastern canada to south alabama. |
| great awaking | a reviel of religious feeling in the american colonies during 1730s and 1740. |
| johnathan edwards | one of the best known preachers, terrifyed listeners with images of gods anger but promised they could be saved. |
| george whitefield | drew thousands of people with his seromonsand raised funds to start a orphan for children. |
| enlightenment | emphasized reason and science as paths to knowledge. |
| benjamin franklin | was a famous american enlightenment figure. |
| john locke | argued that people have natural rights. |
| magna carta | was the first document forced onto an English King by a group of his subjects (the barons) in an attempt to limit his powers by law and protect their privileges. |
| parliament | englands cheif lawmaking body, was the colonist model for representative government. |
| salutary neglect | a hands off policy of england toward its american colonies during the first half of the 1700s. |
| john peter zenger | publisher pf the new york weekly journal,stood trial for printing criticism of new yorks governer. |
| french and indian war | decided which nation would control the northan and eastern parts of northan america. |
| albany plan of union | was the first formal proporsal to unite the colonies. |
| treaty of paris. | britian clamied all of north america east of the mississippi river. |
| proclamation of 1763 | which forbade colonist to settle west of the appalachians. |
| pontiacs rebellion | althrough the ottawa war leader pontiac was only one of many organizers. |
| king georger the 3rd | the british monarch, wanted to enforce the proclamtion and also keep peace with britians native american allies. |
| quarting act | was a cost saving measure that required the colonies to quarter, or house, british soldiers and provied them with supplies. |
| stamp act | 1765) British parliamentary measure to tax the American colonies. |
| patrick henry | The American patriot who said, "Give me liberty or give me death!" |
| boycott | To abstain from or act together in abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with as an expression of protest or disfavor or as a means of coercion. |
| sons of liberty | "Sons of Liberty" has three separate meanings. The first is the organized groups of militant colonials who emerged during the Stamp Act crisis and disbanded when the act was repealed. |
| townshed acts | Four acts of the British Parliament in 1767 that imposed duties on the import of paint, glass, paper, lead, and tea to the North American colonies. |
| writs of assistance | were general search warrants issued to the customs officers by the colonial superior courts. |
| samual adams | Patriot, he fought against Great Britain for independence. Samuel opposed British taxes and did not like having British soldiers in Boston. He was cousin of John Adams. |
| boston massacre | a pivotal event of the Revolutionary era, emerged from Britain's attempts to assert greater control over its North American colonies after the French and Indian War. |
| committe of correspondence | were used in eighteenth-century America to maintain contact among institutions and communities. |
| boston tea party | an organized refusal by Boston merchants to accept a shipment of tea, in protest against tea taxes retained after the British Parliament's repeal of the Townshend Acts. |
| intolerable acts | Measures passed by the British Parliament in 1774 as a reprisal for American colonial resistance to the Tea Act of 1773. |
| 1st continental congress | was a convention of delegates from twelve of the thirteen North American colonies that met on September 5, 1774, at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, early in the American Revolution. |
| paul revere | Paul Revere was a hero of the American Revolutionary War, famous for his "midnight ride" of 1775, during which he sounded the alarm that British forces were moving against the colonists |
| loyalist | support the british |
| patriots | support the rebels |
| lexington and concord | first battle of the American independence war |
| 2nd continental congress | was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that met beginning on May 10, 1775, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, soon after warfare in the American Revolutionary War had begun. |
| bendict arnold | One of history's best-known traitors, Benedict Arnold was a successful general from Connecticut during the American Revolutionary War -- until he switched sides and was caught trying to help the British in 1780. |
| thomas jefferson | Thomas Jefferson was the third president of the United States and one of the drafters of the Declaration of Independence. |
| declaration of independence | proclamation of liberty by American colonies in 1776 |
| george washington | George Washington, U.S. President / Military Leader / Revolutionary War Figure |
| bayonet | a sword at the end of a gun |
| lord cornwallis | won a few wars for britianbut was finally defeated by george washington and benedict arnold and some help from the french |
| treaty of paris 1783 | ended the american rev. war. |
| mercenary | foriegn troops paid to help fright for them. |
| desert | a dry area with not alot of food or water. |
| guerrilla | fighting teq. used by the americans advatage on foot. |
| vally forge | last battle of the rev. war |
| strategy | a battle plan being thought of. |
| privateer | 1.A ship privately owned and crewed but authorized by a government during wartime to attack and capture enemy vessels. |
| battle of yorktown | The entry of France into the Revolutionary War in May 1778 gave Americans hope that they might achieve victory rather than just stave off defeat, |
| battle of saratoga | the key engagement of the American independence war. It consisted of two engagements: a British attack on American positions on 19 September, and an assault on Bemis Heights on 7 October. |
| john paul jones | John Paul Jones signed on as a British merchantman at the age of thirteen. After sailing on several vessels in the West Indian trade, he became a captain in 1768. Discipline problems plagued his command. |
| articles of confederation | The Articles of Confederation was the document that organized a “perpetual Union” among the 13 states that had declared independence from Great Britain. |
| northwest ordinance | The Northwest Ordinance, approved by Congress on July 13, 1787, delineated rules for governing the Old Northwest, the area lying north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi. |
| james madison | is considered the most influential contributor to the United States Constitution, and he worked vigorously to see it ratified. He also contributed to The Federalist Papers to explain his advocacy for a strong federal government |
| great compromise | which was based on a proposal by jurist and politician Roger Sherman of Connecticut, resolved an impasse in the Constitutional Convention of 1787 between large and small states over the apportionment ofrepresentation in the proposed senate |
| anti federalists | . One of party opposed to a federative government; -- applied particularly to the party which opposed the adoption of the constitution of the United States. |
| bill of rights | The Bill of Rights is commonly viewed as consisting of the first ten articles of Amendments to the Constitution of the United States of America. |
| land ordince of 1785 | Following the American Revolution a number of states ceded to the federal government their claims to land lying west of the Appalachian Mountains. |
| shays rebellion | Uprising in western Massachusetts. In a period of economic depression and land seizures for debt collection, several hundred farmers led by Daniel Shays (1747? – 1825), who had served as a captain in the Revolutionary army |
| virgina plan | At the Constitutional Convention in 1787, a deep division emerged between the large, more populated states and the smaller states over the apportionment of the national legislature. |
| three-fifths plan | three fifths of the slave population would be counted when setting direct taxes on the states. |
| the federalist papers | Eighty-five essays on the proposed Constitution of the United States and the nature of republican government, published in 1787. |
| northwest terriotory | A territory of northern Canada between Yukon Territory and Nunavut and including part of Victoria Island and Melville Island and other islands of the western Arctic Archipelago. |
| constitutional convention | Assembly that drafted the Constitution of the United States. All states but Rhode Island sent delegates in response to a call by the Annapolis Convention for a meeting in Philadelphia to amend the Articles of Confederation. |
| new jearsey plan | The New Jersey Plan suggested giving Congress more power over commerce and revenue but keeping equal state representation in the legislature—regardless of population. |
| federalist | A member or supporter of the Federalist Party. |
| george mason | The owner of a large plantation, he became active in efforts to promote the westward expansion of the colonies. In 1774 he helped his neighbour George Washington draft the Fairfax Resolves (1774), which called for a boycott of English goods |
| popular sovereighty | popular sovereignty: principle that government exists only with consent of the governed, i.e., power lies with the people |
| separation of powers | Division of the legislative, executive, and judicial functions of government among separate and independent bodies. |
| individual rights | individual rights are rights held by individual people regardless of their group membership or lack there of. |
| republicanism | One who favors a republic as the best form of government. |
| checks and balances | principle of interdependency of governmental branches through power of limitation |
| preamble | A preliminary statement, especially the introduction to a formal document that serves to explain its purpose. An introductory occurrence or fact; a preliminary. |
| federalism | a.A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units. |
| limited government | A political system in which legalized force is restricted through delegated and enumerated powers. |
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