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History Review- LD
History Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| joint stock company | a buisness in which investors pool their wealth in order to turn a profit |
| indentured servants | a person who sold his or her labor in exchange for passage to america |
| puritains | a member of a group from england that settled the massachusetts bay colony in 1630 and sought to reform the practices of churches |
| william penn | a large landowner in america who joined the quakers |
| charter | a written contract issued by a gov giving the holder the right to establish a colony |
| House of Burgesses | created in 1619, 1st representative assembly in american colonies |
| fundamental orders of connecticut | laws established in 1639 by puritans that had settles in the connecticut valley; it expanded the idea of representative gov |
| quaker | a person who believed all people should live in peace and harmony; accepted different religions and ethnic groups |
| jamestown | 1st permanent english settlement in north america (successful) |
| pilgrims | group that rejected church of england and sailed to america and founded the plymouth colony in 1620 |
| royal colony | a colony ruled by govenors appointed by a king |
| john smith | took control at jamestown and said "he that wont work shall not eat." |
| mayflower compact | an agreement established by the men who sailed to america on the mayflower, which called for laws for the good of the colony and set forth the idea of self gov |
| proprietary colony | a colony with a single owner |
| james oglethorpe | founder of georgia |
| what were the seven motives for european exploration of north america? | curiosity, gold, glory, religion, trade |
| what were the motives for english colonization of north america? | seeking freedom from king, find religious freedom, and resources |
| what is the signifance of the years 1607 and 1620? | jamestown= 1607 plymouth= 1620 |
| What is the importance of tyhe magne carta, house of burg, mayflower compact, and fundamental orders of connecticut? | magna carta= doc guaranteeing basic political rights in england (1215)| house of burg= 1st representative assembly in american colonies (1619) mayflower compact= idea of self gov (1620) fundamental orders= expanded idea of representative gov (1639) |
| backcountry | colonial region that ran along the appalachian mts through the west part of new england, middle, and southern colonies |
| smuggling | to illegally import or export goods |
| overseer | a worker hired by a planter to watch over and direct the work of slaves |
| subsistence farming | a farm that produces enough food for the family with a small amount to trade |
| cash crops | crop grown by a farmer to be sold for money rather than personal use |
| appalachian mts | a mt range that stretches from canada to alabama |
| triangular trade | system or trade between africa, england, europe, west indies, and colonies. |
| diversity | a variety of people |
| navigation acts | laws passed to ensure england made money from the colonies trade |
| indigo | plant grown in southern colonies that yields a deep blue dye |
| economic reasons for establishment of 13 colonies? | in england the soil wasnt good enough to grow cash crops, taxes, and religious freedom. |
| how did england try to contro the colonies and their trade? | passed the navigation acts |
| significance of triangular trade? | new england colonies won enormous profit from the colonies trade |
| what were the reasons for development of the plantation system? | planters began to have difficulty finding enough laborers, so they turned to slavery.. the growth of slavery allowed farming to expand. |
| what are some major geographic features in the colonial region? | coastal plains, piedmont, mts, rocky hills, interior plains |
| what are major economic activities for each region? | new england- triangular trade and fishing middle- grain production southern- plantations |
| great awakening | revival of religious feeling in the colonies |
| ben franklin | famous enlightenment figure and albany plan of union |
| salutary neglect | hands off policy of england towards its american colonies |
| albany plan of union | 1st formal proposal to unite the colonies; ben franklin |
| proclamation of 1763 | an order in which britain prohibited american colonists to settle west of the appalachian mts |
| jonathan edwards | one of the best known preachers |
| john locke | english philosopher |
| john peter zenger | the publisher of the new york weekly journal |
| george whitefield | a preacher who drew thousands of people in with his surmons |
| magna carta | document guaranteeing basic political rights in england |
| french and indian war | conflict in north america that was part of a world wide struggle between france and britain; britain won and gained french canada |
| treaty of paris | ended french and indian war; britain gained all of north america eat of the mississippi |
| pontiacs rebellion | a revolt against british forts and americans led by ottawa war leader pontiac |
| enlightenment | 18th century movement that emphasized the use of reason and scientific method |
| parliament | englands chief law-making body |
| great awakening impact? | it inspired colonists to help others |
| enlightenment impact? | influenced them to eventually rebel and form a new gov |
| albany plan of union? | ben franklins plan; 1st proposal to unite american colonies |
| terms of treaty of paris? | britain gained all north america east of the mississippi |
| how did parliament limit expanision of the colonies in 1763? | proclamation of 1763 |
| king george ||| | the british monarch |
| boycott | to refuse to buy |
| samuel adams | leader of sons of liberty |
| boston tea party | sons of liberty destroted 342 chests of tea |
| loyalist | an american colonist whi supported the british in the american revolution |
| benedict arnold | american general that led a small army to mohawk river |
| quartering act | law passed by parliament that required colonists to house and supply british troops |
| sons of liberty | group of colonists who formed secret society to oppose british policies at the time of the american rev |
| boston massacre | a clash between british soldiers and colonists in which 5 colonists died |
| intolerable acts | series of laws enacted by parliament to punish mass. colonists for the boston tea party |
| patriot | american colonist who sided with rebels |
| thomas jefferson | wrote constitution |
| stamp act | law passed that required all legal and commercial docs to carry official stamp to show its been taxed |
| townshend acts | series of laws that suspended NY's assembly and established taxes on goods brought into colonies |
| committee of correspondence | group of people in colonies who exchanged letters on colonial affairs |
| 1st continental congress | brought together representatives from each colony except georgia to discuss their response to intolerable acts |
| lexington and concord | shot heard around the world |
| declaration of independence | announced that the 13 colonies were now independent states |
| patrick henry | led movement for independence in virginia |
| writs of assistance | court orders that authorized customs officers to conduct general searches of premises for contraband |
| paul revere | messenger in the battles of lexington and concord "the british are coming" |
| 2nd continental congress | discussed declaration of independence |
| why was britain taxing the colonies | britain was in loss of money after the french and indian war |
| why were colonists upset by all the taxes being levied by the british? | no taxation without representation |
| what role did the sons of liberty play in protesting the various acts Britain passed? | they attacked people with feathers and tar |
| what was the 1st continental congress and what did it accomplish? | 13 delegates met to discuss response to intolerable acts |
| how was the boston massacre used to show that england was being unreasonable? | 5 americans were killed during a little dispute |
| what was the main idea behind the declaration of independence? | to announce the colonies separate from england |
| give example of unalienable right | pursuit of happiness, everyone can be happy |
| george washington | commander of american army |
| bayonet | weapon used in war |
| lord cornwallis | british general |
| treaty of paris 1783 | formally ended us war for independence |
| mercenary | person who takes part in armed conflict |
| desert | region of land that is very hot and has little rain |
| guerrilla | form of warfare where soldiers have surprise attacks |
| valley forge | valley that washington and his troops stayed at during the winter |
| strategy | overall plan of action |
| privateer | private warship in battle |
| battle of yorktown | last battle in the american revolution |
| marquis de lafayette | french soldier who helped washington at valley forge |
| battle of saratoga | turning point of the american revolution |
| john paul jones | naval hero in revolution |
| what role did george washington play in the american revolution? | leader of the american revolution |
| what were conditions like at valley forge? | very cold, disease, many deaths |
| how did the countries of spain and france help the americans? | gave money and supplies to american soldiers |
| what were british advantages? | more soldiers, better weapons, more trained soldiers |
| what were american advantages? | knew the land, had more motive |
| terms of treaty of paris 1783? | ended revolution, britain recognized it as an ind nation, britain removed all troops from america, and new borders for us |
| articles of confederation | 1st constitution of US |
| northwest ordinance | described how northwest ordinance was going to be governed |
| james madison | author and father of constitution |
| great compromise | agreement between the virginia and new jersey plans |
| anti federalists | people who didnt support the constitution |
| bill of rights | 1st 10 amendments of constitution that protected citizens' rights |
| land ordinance of 1785 | law that established a plan for selling lands west of the appalachian mts |
| shays rebellion | an uprising of debt-ridden farmers |
| virginia plan | plan of gov proposed by edmund randolph |
| 3/5 compromise | agreement to count 3/5 of slaves' population for purposes of representation and taxation |
| federalists papers | series of essays defending and planning the constitution |
| northwest territory | territory covered by land ordinance of 1785 |
| constitutional convention | meeting held to consider changes to articles of confederation |
| new jersey plan | plan proposed at constitutional convention that called for 1 house |
| federalists | people who supported the constitution |
| george mason | most influential virginian other than washington |
| what were the strengths and weaknesses of the articles of confederation? | strengths- declare war and make peace, coin and borrow money, detain with foreign countries and sign treaties, and operate post offices weaknesses- couldnt force states to obey laws, no power to tax |
| explain what the land ordinance of 1785 and northwest ordinance or 1787 did and why they were important to the future of the nation? | designed to establish some order among western settlers ans saw future strength of the nation in lands beyond the appalachian mts |
| what roles did GW, JM, RS, and BF have at the constitutional convention? | they were all delegates at the convention |
| who were the leading anti federalists and federalists? | fed- john jay, james madison, alexander hamilton anti- george mason |
| why were the federalists papers significant? | they gave federalists more publicity than anti federalists |
| why were the bill of rights added? | anti federalists wouldnt ratify constitution if not added |
| popular sovereignty | gov in which people rule |
| separation of powers | division of gov roles into branches |
| individual rights | personal liberty and privileges guaranteed to US citizens |
| republicanism | belief that gov should be based on consent of people |
| checks and balances | ability of each branch to check or control over others |
| preamble | intro to the constitution |
| federalism | system of gov where power is shared between state and national govs |
| limited gov | requires all US citizens including gov to obey the laws |
| which article discusses the executive branch? | article 2 |
| which article discusses the judicial branch? | article 3 |
| which article discusses the legislative branch? | article 1 |
| what is the purpose of veto? | to reject and prevent collusion |
| which amendment defines the 5 freedoms? what are they? | 1st amendment. religion, speech, press, assembly, petition |
| which amendment involved the quartering act? | amendment 3 |
| abuse of the writs of assistance by british led to which amendment? | amendment 4 |
| democracy | power to people |
| republic | people retain supreme control over gov |
| parliamentary democracy | representative gov |
| absolute monarchies | ruler has power to rule country (king/queen) |
| dictatorship | gov is ruled by individual leader |
| communism | gov with single party rule or dominant party rule |
| 1607 | jamestown |
| 1620 | plymouth |
| 1754 | french and indian war |
| 1763 | end of french and indian war and treaty of paris |
| 1770 | boston massacre |
| 1773 | boston tea party |
| 1775 | 2nd continental congress and beginning of american revolution |
| 1776 | declaration of independence |
| 1777 | articles of confederation |
| 1783 | end of revolution and treaty of paris |
| 1787 | constitutional convention |
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