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APUSH Chap 13-15
knets
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Free-Soilers | wanted West to be kept a land of opportunity for whites only; did not demand abolition of slavery just didn't want blacks around |
| popular sovereignty | proposed by Lewis Cass; instead of Congress deciding, let slavery issue be determined by popular vote of the people in the area |
| Zachary Taylor | Whig, Mexican War hero, became pres in 1848 |
| Compromise of 1850 | Proposed by Henry Clay. 1. California admitted as free state 2. Divide Mexican Cession into Utah and New Mexico, popular sovereignty 3. Give disputed land between Texas and New Mexico to new territories and assume debt 4. Ban slave trade in DC |
| Millard Fillmore | became pres in 1859 when Taylor died |
| Fugitive Slave Law | track down runaway slaves |
| Impending Crisis of the South | book by Hinton R. Helper which attacked every aspect of slavery |
| Hinton R. Helper | Impending Crisis of the South |
| Sociology for the South | George Fitzhugh, pro-slavery |
| George Fitzhugh | Sociology for the South |
| Franklin Pierce | Dem, became pres in 1852 |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | (1854) devised by Stephen A. Douglas. Wanted to build railroad through Chicago,needed Southern support. Nebraska Territory divided into Kansas and Nebraska, settlers use popular sovereignty |
| Know-Nothing party | nativist hostility, drew support away from Whigs |
| John C. Fremont | Republican nominee in election of 1856 |
| James Buchanan | Democrat, pres in 1856 |
| New England Emigrant Aid Company | response to Kansas-Nebraska Act, paid for transportation of anti-slavery settlers to Kansas |
| Pottawatomie Creek | n reaction to the sacking of Lawrence (Kansas) by pro-slavery forces, John Brown and a band of abolitionist settlers (some of them members of the Pottawatomie Rifles) killed five settlers north of Pottawatomie Creek in Franklin County, Kansas |
| Sumner-Brooks Incident | Charles Sumner gave speech which attacked Andrew Butler, his nephew, Preston Brooks, attacked him with a cane |
| Lecompton constitution | Would make Kansas a slave state. Rejected by Congress |
| Fort Sumter | Held by federal troops in South Carolina. Lincoln sent supplies, and South fired, so they started the war. |
| writ of habeas corpus | right to court |
| First Battle of Bull Run | First major battle of Civil War. Union attacked Confed in Bull Run Creek in Virginia. General Thomas Stonewall Jackson led Confeds to victory |
| Winfield Scott | Winfield Scott (June 13, 1786 – May 29, 1866) was an United States Army general, and unsuccessful presidential candidate of the Whig Party in 1852. Conceived Anaconda Plan |
| Anaconda Plan | navy blockade strategy by Winfield Scott to cut off supplies to South |
| George B. McClellan | general-in-chief at first, then fired, re-hired, fired... |
| Second Battle of Bull Run | Lee took advantage of change in Union generals to strike against Pope's army (replacement of McClellan) in Virginia. Confeds won |
| Antietam | turning point, stopped Confeds from getting foreign recognition they needed, Lincoln used partial triumph as opportunity to announce Emancipation Proclamation |
| Fredericksburg | Burnside (McClellan replacement) attacked Lee at Fredericksburg and had immense losses (reckless strategy) |
| Monitor v Merrimac | Confederate ironclad ship Merrimac attacked Union's wooden ships, before Union created their own, Monitor. Fought duel until ended in draw, but Union retained blockade |
| Ulysses S. Grant | War general for Union. Became pres in 1868 |
| Trent Affair | James Mason and John Slidell of Confederacy were traveling to Britain aboard the Trent to gain recognition from Brits. Union warship stopped them, Brits threatened war and released them |
| Alabama (ship) | Confederate raider which captured over 60 vessels before being sunk off the coast of France by a Union warship |
| Laird rams | ships with iron rams; US minister to Britain Charles Francis Adams persuaded Britain not to sell them to Confederacy under threat of war |
| Confiscation Acts | captured slaves deemed "contraband of war." Gave power to seize enemy property used to wage war |
| Emancipation Proclamation | Freed slaves... |
| Thirteenth Amendment | freed slaves |
| Vicksburg | Controlled entire Mississippi and cut off Texas, Louisiana and Arkansas |
| Gettysburg | First Union win! Turning point |
| Sherman's March | William Tecumseh Sherman led force of 100,000 on campaign of destruction through the South, destroying everything in their path. Took Atlanta, then set fire to Columbia, the capital of South Carolina |
| John Wilkes Booth | assassinated Lincoln |
| Copperheads | opposed war and wanted negotiated peace |
| Ex Parte Milligan | Supreme Court case which ruled that cannot subject civilians to military trial |
| Greenbacks | paper currency |
| Morrill Tariff Act | raised tariffs to increase revenue and protect American manufacturers |
| Homestead Act | promoted settlement of the Great Plains by offering 160 acres free to whoever would farm it for 5 years |
| Morrill Land Grant Act | encouraged sale of federal land grants to maintain agricultural and technical colleges in the states |
| Pacific Railway Act | authorized building of transcontinental railroad, northern route to link California with the east |
| Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction | Full pardons granted to southerners who took oath of allegiance and accepted emancipation of slaves, Lincoln's plan |
| Wade-Davis Bill | Republicans response, required 50% instead of 10% for readmission. Only nonConfederates can vote on state constitution. Lincoln would not sign |
| Freedmen's Bureau | Welfare agency. Food, shelter, medical aid, schools. Could resettle blacks on confiscated land at first |
| Black Codes | prohibited renting land or borrowing money to buy land, forced to sign work contracts, and cannot testify against whites |
| Thaddeus Stevens | Wanted military rule in South in which blacks able to exercise their civil rights |
| Benjamin Wade | radical repub |
| Civil Rights Act of 1866 | All African Americans are US citizens |
| 14th Amendment | citizenship, due process, equal protection |
| Reconstruction Acts | Placed South under military occupation |
| Tenure of Office Act | prohibited the pres from removing federal officer or military commander without approval of Senate (got Johnson impeached) |
| Edwin Stanton | man who Johnson tried to remove, got him impeached |
| Fifteenth Amendment | Right to vote to African Americans |
| Civil Rights Act of 1875 | Equal accommodations in public places and prohibited courts from excluding African Americans from juries |
| Scalawags, carpetbaggers | Dem nicknames for Repubs during Reconstruction |
| Blanche K. Bruce and Hiram Revels | Black senators |
| Sharecropping | Landlord provides seed, gets 50% cut |
| Credit Mobilier affair | gave stock to members of Congress to avoid investigation of the profits they were making from government subsidies for building transcontinental railroad |
| William Tweed | Tweed Ring; boss of Dem party in NYC, masterminded dozens of schemes for bribe money |
| Thomas Nast | exposed Tweed, cartoonist |
| Horace Greeley | Repub nomination in 1872, lost, died weeks after |
| Panic of 1873 | widespread business failure and depression |
| Ku Klux Klan | founded by Nathaniel Bedford Forrest |
| Force Acts | power to stop KKK violence |
| Amnesty Act of 1872 | Removed last of restrictions on Confeds, except for top leaders. Allowed Dems to retake control of state governments |
| Compromise of 1877 | Hayes became pres after disputed election, on condition that he immediately end federal support to Repubs and support southern transcontinental railroad |
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