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Hum 101 final pt 1
chpts 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| agnostic | one who believes that we can't know for sure whether God exists |
| athiest | one who believes that God can't logically exist |
| atman | In hinduism, the individual soul that is part of a universal soul |
| Brahma | in Hinduism, a godlike personification of the creative principle of the universe |
| brahman | in Hinduism, the name given to the spiritual force that governs the universe; the universal soul |
| buddha | Sanskrit term for "the awakened one"; used in Hindu prophesies as a reference to a special being who comes along one in 25000 years and attains enlightenment without having to be reborn; the Buddha referse to Siddhartha Gautama-taught anyone can do this |
| Buddhism | lifestyle, meditation practice, and religion based on the teachings of the Buddha |
| caste | in India, a social class; in Hindu belief, determined by the moral quality of your previous life |
| creatio ex nihilio | Latin phrase meaning "creation out of nothing"; used in Judaism, Chritianity, and Islam to describe the universe that God made |
| dharma | in Hinduism, the moral structure underlying existence; in Buddhism, the quivalent of brahman, the universal soul; Chinese equivalent, Tao |
| dialectic | the philosophical method used by Socrates, involving question and answer |
| enlightenment | in Buddhism, the state achieved by the Buddha, total detachment, devoid of ego, in which one sees things as they really are |
| heresy | a belief held or statement made that challenged medieval Christian teachings |
| Hinduism | generic term for religion of India dating back to c. 1500 BC based on honoring numerous deities and a belief in reincarnation |
| Inquisition | high Christian court assembled beginning in the 13th century for the triat and sentencing of those convicted of heresy |
| karma | in Hinduism, a moral summoning up of one's deeds that determines where one will be in the next lifetime |
| materialism | a philosophy that says only matter is real |
| meditation | in Buddhism, the practice of sitting until one achieves a state of detachment from ego |
| moksha | in Hinduism, Sanskrit term given to the state of eternal bliss achieved after having successfully gone through many rebirths |
| monotheism | religion based on one supreme god |
| nirvana | in Buddhism, a state of bliss attainable to those who devote their lives to meditation and a transcendence of ego; adopted into English to mean a totally stress-free condition |
| polytheism | religion based on more than one god |
| pragmatism | philosophy developed in America which holds that the truth of an idea is measurable by experiment and practical outcomes |
| predestination | a belief stated by Augustine that one's entire life, including moral and immoral choices, is already determined before birth; in Calvinism, the belief that one is born either for salvation or damnation |
| Shiva | in Hinduism, a personification of the principle of change; of destroying what Brahma has created in order to make way for the new; the 2nd god in the Hindu trinity |
| Talmud | a collection of writings that interpret the Torah and provide clarification of biblical laws |
| Tao | in Taoism, the moral order that rules the universe |
| Thomism | name given to the logical system developed by Aquinas, strongly influenced by Aristotle, to prove the existence of God |
| Torah | the first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible - Gen, Ex, Lev, Num, Deut; attributed to Moses |
| Unmoved Mover | what Aristotle called the force that always existed and was responsible for setting the entire universe in motion but was not in itself set in motion by anything preceding it |
| Vishnu | in Hinduism, the principle that creates a balance b/t the need for permanence and the need for change |
| wu wei | phrase used in Taoism that translates as "to do w/o doing"' means that people who live their lives in tune with the moral order of the universe will always do the right thing |
| yang | in Taoism, the active component of existence, symbolized in art as the white crescent of a circle, which also contains a small black circle; the yang is balanced by and works w/ the yin |
| yin | in Taoism, the passive component of existence, symbolized in art as the black crescent of a circle, which also contains a small white circle; the yang is balanced by and works w/ the yang |
| Zen | austere and monastic form of Buddhism, centering on the highly disciplined practice of meditating for very long periods of time; from the Chinese ch'an, meaning "mediation" |
Created by:
courtney_b90
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