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Social Sciences test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| primary source | an original record created during its time period, that does not contain any outside interpretation |
| secondary source | an analysis, interpretation, or evaluation of primary source information, usually written after the event |
| inflation | a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money |
| President Hoover | a bad president of the Republican party, who did nothing about the Great Depression, and many Americans disliked him |
| Frederick Lewis Allen | a writer/reporter |
| stock exchange | a place where shares in corporations are bought and sold through an organized system |
| decline | descend/drop steadily |
| default | to fail to meet an obligation, especially a financial one |
| collapse | break down |
| relief | aid for the needy/welfare |
| on margin | when investors lack money to purchase stock, they can buy on margin which means that they only have to pay for a fraction of the stock price and borrowed the rest of the money from their brokers |
| public works | to work on projects that help the public such as highways, parks, and libraries built with public funds |
| Hoovervilles | They were groups of families that lost their homes and made their own out of old boxes and where they were living were called “shantytowns” or “hoovervilles” because of President Hoovers failure to act |
| Great Depression | When the nation slid into a severe economic crisis |
| "Black Thursday" | It is a day that sold almost 13 million shares by panicked traders, and occurred on October 24 |
| Bonus Army | They were veterans of World War I that were told that they would receive bonuses, they formed a “bonus army” and demanded for their money right away. |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt (aka FDR) | The president after Hoover who was from the democratic party, and was admired by many Americans. Contributed majorly to helping country through Great Depression |
| Eleanor Roosevelt | niece of Theodore Roosevelt, wife of FDR and considered FDR's eyes and ears. Also helped many people |
| radio talks | FDR talked to families around the country over radio, and everybody sat around fireplace, it made them feel closer to FDR |
| work relief | programs that gave needy people government jobs |
| promote | to help advance |
| generate | create |
| Hundred Days | When Roosevelt made proposals for new economic programs |
| New Deal | The laws that congress passed during the Hundred Days and months after |
| Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) | paid farmers not to grow certain crops |
| Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) | Built dams to provide cheap electric power to seven Southern states, set up schools/health centers |
| National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) | to help boost the economy by helping business regulate itself, called “the most important and for reaching legislation” ever passed in US |
| National Recovery Administration (NRA) | Helped set standards for production, prices, wages |
| Public Works Administration (PWA) | Built ports, schools, air craft carriers |
| Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC) | had power to punish dishonest stockbrokers and speculators |
| Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) | Insured savings accounts in banks approved by the government |
| migrant worker | a person who moves from place to place to find work harvesting fruits and vegetables |
| fascist | a person with extremely nationalistic views |
| migrate | to move from one place and settle in another/relocate |
| advocate | support |
| Frances Perkins | first woman ever to serve in the cabinet |
| Dust Bowl | a huge storm that carried dried soil from farms. Storms were called “black blizzards” |
| Ralph Bunche | a black cabinet member who later played an important role in civil rights movement |
| Mary McLeod Bethune | Black cabinet member. Founded Bethune-Cookman College in Florida. Served as adviser to president |
| Indian Reorganization Act | Act of 1934, restored traditional tribal government and provided money for land purchases to enlarge some reservations |
| Spanish Civil War | Began in 1936. Germany and Italy supported fascists who were trying to take over Spanish Government. More than 3,000 americans went to Spain to fight fascists |
| pension | a sum paid regularly to a person, usually after retirement |
| unemployment insurance | payments by the government for a limited period of time to people who have lost their jobs |
| scheme | a plan |
| welfare | standard care/well being |
| Second New Deal | When Roosevelt launched a new set of programs and reforms in 1935 |
| Social Security Act | created tax on workers and employers |
| Congress of Industrial Organization (CIO) | set out to organize unions that included all workers, skilled and unskilled, in a particular industry |
| National Labor Relations Act/Wagner Act | guaranteed workers the right to form unions to bargain collectively with employers |
| John L. Lewis | part of United Mine Workers ad helped form CIO |
| Fair Labor Standards Act | banned child labor and set a minimum wage of 40 cents per hour |
| Charles Coughlin | a Detroit priest, who reached millions of listeners through his weekly radio show. Assasinated in 1935 |
| Dorothea Lange | an influential American documentary photographer and photojournalist |
| Francis Townsend | a California doctor, called for a monthly payment for older retired people. Received little support from Congress |
| Huey Long | Governor of Louisiana, won wide support fir public works. Made "Share Our Wealth Plan" Plan taxed rich heavily then used money to give every American a home and $2500 a year. Later got assasinated by opponent. |
| Grant Wood | a painter |
| Civilian Conservative Corps (CCC) | employed about 3 million young people to work on projects that benefited the public |
| % of Americans unemployed in 1932 | 25% |
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