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Hematology 2
Labratory procedures
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe a normal canine RBC | biconcave disc with distinct central pallor |
| describe normal feline RBC | round with no central pallor |
| rouleaux | grouping of RBC in stacks, increased fibrinogen or globulin concentrations. Seen in healthy horses. |
| Agglutination | looks like rouleaux formation, seen in immune mediated disorders in which antibody coats the RBC resulting in clumping |
| How do you differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination | add a drop of asline to sample, rouleaux will disperse in saline. |
| anisocytosis | variation in size of RBC |
| macrocyte | RBC larger than normal, will increase MCV, young cell (reticulocytes) |
| microcyte | RBC smaller than normal, will decrease MCV, can be seen with iron deficiency |
| polychromasia or polychromatophilic RBC | RBC with bluish tint when stained with Romanowsky stain (wrights stain). Due to presence of organelles remaining in cytoplasm (young cell) |
| hypochromasia | decreased staining intensity caused by insufficient hemoglobin within the cell (dark around eddge gradually tapering to pale center, punched out.(iron deficiency) |
| poikilocytes | abnormally shaped RBC |
| shistocytes | RBC fragemnts formed as a result of shearing of RBC by intravascular trauma (disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, DIC) |
| acanthocyte | (spur cell)irregular, spiculated RBC with few UNEVENLY distributed surface projections of variable length (cats with hepatic lipidosis or dog with liver disease) |
| Echinocyte | (burr cell)spiculated RBC with short, EVENLY spaced blunt to sharp projections of uniform size (crenation of caused by slow drying) renal disease or lymphosarcome, exercise in horses, rattlesnake bite in dogs. |
| Drepanocytes | sickle cells, normal in deer and angora goats (low O2 tension) |
| keratocytes | helmet cells or blister cells, hemangiosarcoma, neoplasia, hepatic disease |
| spherocytes | dark staining RBC with no central pallor, immune-mediated destruction of RBC resulting in hemolytic anemia or transfusion with mismatched blood |
| nucleated RBC | in mammals represents early release of immature cells during anemia, normal in birds, fish. |
| basophilic stippling | small dark bodies in RBC, residual RNA, common in immature RBC or could mean lead poisoning in dogs. |
| howel-jolly bodies | basophilic nuclear remnants in young RBC during anemia, spleen will find and remove. |
| heinze bodies | Round blue stuctures attached to cell membrane(denatured hemoglobin) caused by oxidant drugs or chemicals, can be normal in cats |
| reticulocytes | immature RBC that contains organelles (ribosomes) that are lost as cell matures. |
| Mean corpuscular volume | measure of average size of RBC. Divide the PCV by RBC concentration and multiply by 10. Unit is (fl). |
| Mean corpuscular Hemoglobin | WEIGHT of hemoglobin in averrage RBC. Divide hemoglobin concentration by RBC concentration and multiply by 10. |
| Mean corpuscular Hemoglobin concentration | CONCENTRATION of hemoglobin in the average RBC. Divide the hemoglobin concentration by PCV and multiply by 100. |
| Haemobartonella (feline infectious anemia) | organisms appear as small coccoid, rod-shapped, or ring like structures on RBC. |
| Erlichia | may be referred to as anaplasma, caused by brown dog tick, appears as small clusters in cytoplasm |
Created by:
Barrett
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