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visceral pituitary
visceral pituitary pathology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| most common tumors of the pituitary gland include | adenoma, craniopharyngioma |
| pituitary tumors may involve what? | visual field defects |
| produce excess of any of or combination of pituitary hormones (hypERpituitary effects) | functioning tumor |
| Get enlarged and compress on the rest of the gland producing hypOpituitary effects | non-functioning tumor |
| what hormones does the adenohypophysis secrete? | somatotropin (growth hormone), prolactin, ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH |
| panhypopituitarism | total failure of pituitary function |
| has become rare; by ischemic necrosis of the gland, often due to severe hypotension from postpartum hemorrhage | Sheehan's syndrome |
| patient presents with agalactica, amenorrhea, hypothyroidism, and adrenocortical insufficiency | Sheehan's syndrome |
| Hemorrhage or infarction can occur in normal pituitary leading to hypopituitarism | Pituitary Apoplexy |
| Radiation damage or neurosurgical procedures can lead to hypopituitarism | iatrogenic hypopituitarism and trauma |
| hypogonadotropic (decrease of GnRH) | kallmann syndrome |
| This syndrome will cause a delay in appearance of secondary sexual characters | kallmann syndrome |
| what are signs and symptoms of kallmann's syndrome? | anosmia, cleft palate |
| enlarged sella with a thin, flat pituitary secondary to a congenitally defective or absent diaphragm sella | empty sella syndrome |
| what is the result of empty sella syndrome? | leakage of CSF and pressure causing hypopituitarism |
| a growth hormone deficiency leads to? | dwarfism |
| decreased level of LH leading to the absence of secondary sexual characteristics | Hypogonadism |
| Features of pituitary adenomas include? | most are benign, cause hyperpituitarism |
| what is a cause of severe headaches, bitemporal hemianopsia and loss of central vision? | pituitary adenoma impinging on the optic chiasm |
| a decrease in TSH leads to? | mental retardation |
| This kind of tumor secretes an excess of prolactin | hyperprolactinemia or prolactinoma |
| in females, this will cause amenorrhea, infertility and galactorrhea | hyperprolactinemia or prolactinoma |
| galactorrhea | Milk secretion in the absence of pregnancy |
| in males, this will cause absence of libido and impotence | hyperprolactinemia or prolactinoma |
| Gigantism is caused by what? | excess somatotropin before puberty |
| body grows abnormally longer with an excess uniform growth at the epiphyses of long bones | gigantism |
| This is caused by an excess of somatotropin in an adult | acromegaly |
| patient presents with increased growth of soft tissues such as the ear, nose and lips, increased space between upper incisor teeth and prognathism, enlargement of feet hands and jaw and increased soft tissue | acromegaly |
| visceromegaly found in adults with acromegaly affects which organs? | liver, heart, thyroid enlarged |
| what kind of joint abnormality does acromegaly lead to? | osteoarthritis in vertebrae |
| hypertension, diabetes mellitus, headaches, paresthesias, athralgias and muscle weakness are all problems associated with what? | acromegaly |
| an excess of ACTH leads to what? | cushing's disease (bilateral adrenal involvement) |
| what two diseases are associated with problems of the neurohypophysis? | diabetes insipidus, SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate anti diuretic hormone) |
| deficient ADH, Deficient water reabsorption in the renal collecting tubules, increased amount of urine, extreme thirst and recessive water intake, serum osmolality is increased, hypernatremia | diabetes insipidus |
| in the presence of LOW ADH, what happens to the urine and solute levels? | increased urine, increased solute |
| in the presence of HIGH ADH, what happens to the urine and solute levels? | decreased urine, decreased solute |
| is diabetes insipidus associated with high or low levels of ADH? | low |
| is SIADH associated with high or low levels of ADH? | high |
| This is often seen with oat cell carcinoma | SIADH |
| increased level of ADH casues more water reabsorption from collectin tubules, urine is extremely concentrated, serum osmolality is decreased, hyponatremia | SIADH |
Created by:
kissukels587
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