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visceral liver
visceral liver pathology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This is considered the end-stage of chronic liver disease | cirrhosis of the liver |
| what are the stages of chronic liver disease? | necrosis, fibrosis, vascular destruction/derangement, regenerative nodules, destruction of the normal liver architecture, diffuse involvement of the whole liver |
| alcohol, viral, biliary diseases, and hemochromatosis are all risk factors for what? | cirrhosis of the liver |
| loss of functional liver parenchyma causes what? | ascites, hypoalbuminemia, clotting abnormalities, jaundice, risk of infection, portal hypertension, endocrine abnormalities, hepatocellular carcinoma |
| portal hypertension is a hallmark for what? | cirrhosis of the liver |
| what is the most common clinical symptom for liver problems? | jaundice |
| yellow discoloration of conjunctiva and mucous membrane | icterus |
| icterus causes what? | hyperbilirubinemia and pruritus |
| what are the three types of jaundice? | hemolytic, hepatic, obstructive |
| hemolytic jaundice presents with what? | increased bilirubin in serum but not in urine, urine color is normal |
| hepatic jaundice presents with what? | increased bilirubin in serum and bilirubin is present in urine (dark urine) |
| hepatic jaundice is also known as what? | cirrhosis |
| hemolytic jaundice is also known as what? | hemolytic anemia |
| obstructive jaundice presents with what? | increased bilirubin in serum, dark urine, pale stool |
| obstructive jaundice is also known as what? | cholestasis (gall bladder disease) |
| Physiological jaundice presents with what? | mild jaundice from 2nd to 8th day after birth due to the result of immaturity of the liver enzyme system |
| neonatal pathological jaundice is also known as what? | kernicterus |
| A severe neurological condition that is associated with very high levels of unconjugated bilirubin in the blood and brain cuasing cerebral dysfunction | kernicterus |
| patient presents with lethargy, convulsions, hearing loss, mental retardation | kernicterus |
| An inherited, mild, chronic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia that is casued by impaired clearance of bilirubin in the absence of any detectable function or structural liver disease | Gilbert Syndrome |
| Intercurrent illness or fasting can affect bilirubin levels how? | mildly increase |
| An inherited, mild, chronic conjugated hyperbilirubinemia that is casued by impaired clearance of bilirubin with depostition of melanin like pigments in the liver (black liver) | Dubin-Johnson syndrome |
| patient presents with mild intermittent jaundice with dark urine | dubin-johnson syndrome |
| does gilbert syndrome present with conjugated or unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia? | unconjugated |
| does dubin-johnson syndrome present with conjugated or unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia? | conjugated |
| familial conjugated hyperbilirubinemia but without liver pigments | Rotor syndrome |
| Familial; self-limited periodic episodes of malaise and itching due to bile stasis in bile canaliculi | Benign recurrent intrahapatic cholestasis |
| This disease is characterized by pruritis and cholestatic jaundice during the last trimester of pregnancy which disappears after delivery | cholestasis of pregnancy |
| what are some complications associated with cholestasis of pregnancy? | fetal distress, prematurity or stillbirth |
| hepatic encephalopathy- high levels of ammonia in the blood and brain | fulminant hepatitis |
| idiopathic, chronic hepatitis with autoantibodies and increased serum immunoglobulins | autoimmune hepatitis |
| idiopathic, chronic condition associated with inflammation and fibrosis that narrows and eventually obstructs the bile ducts | primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) |
| excessive absorption and toxic accumulation of iron in hepatocytes, pancreas, joint cavities, heart and skin | hereditary hemochromatosis |
| this disease is autosomal dominant and presens with cirrhosis, cardiomegaly, skin pigmentation, arthropathy and diabetes mellitus | hereditary hemochromatosis |
| in sickle cell anemia and thalassemia and dietary iron overload | secondary hemochromatosis |
| Autosomal recessive, excessive copper deposition in liver and brain | Hepatolenticular disease: wilson's disease |
| patient presents with jaundice, tremors, dysarthria, kayser-fleischer ring in the eyes and spontaneous bone fractures and osteoporosis | hepatolenticular disease: wilson's disease |
| wilson's disease is aka what? | hepatolenticular disease |
| this is caused by acetaminophen, NSAIDS, and some herbal remedies | hepatotoxicity: drug induced liver dz |
| patient presents with high fever and rt quadrant pain, rapid weight loss and hepatomegaly | hepatic pyogenic abscess |
| what are benign hepatic tumors? | hepatic adenoma, hepatic hemangioma |
| common in women of reproductive age gp with h/o oral contraceptives | hepatic adenoma |
| these present mostly as solitary and sharply demarcated masses | hepatic adenoma |
| most common in young children and is asymptomatic or rt hypochondrial pain | hepatic hemangioma |
| this presents as a solitary mass and the etiology is HCV, HBV, alcoholic cirrhosis or hemochromatosis | hepatocellular carcinoma |
| patient presents with jaundice, painful hepatomegaly and cachexia | hepatocellular carcinoma |
| this is cancer arising from the intrahepatic bile ducts and is found in older adults | cholangiocarcinoma |
| patient presents with jaundice, weight loss and itching | cholangiocarcinoma |
| this is due to exposure to vinyl chloride or inorganic arsenic | hemangiosarcoma |
| this disease presents with multiple hemorrhagic nodules microscopically | hemangiosarcoma |
| patient presents with hepatomagaly, jaundice and ascites | hemangiosarcoma |
Created by:
kissukels587
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