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visceral intestines
visceral small and large intestine pathology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are congenital anomalies of the small and large intestine? | atresia, stenosis, Meckel's diverticulum |
| complete occulsion of the small intestinal lumen | atresia |
| incomplete stricture which narrows but does not occlude the lumen of the small intestines | stenosis |
| Outpouching of the ileum due to persistent vitelline duct | meckel's diverticulum |
| peptic ulceration, intestinal obstruction, diverticulitis, perforation and peritonitis are all complications of what? | meckel's diverticulum |
| sudden onset of bowel frequency associated with abdominal cramp | diarrhea |
| This kind of diarrhea is due to cholera toxin, celiac disease, lactose intolerance, and laxatives | secretory diarrhea |
| Blood and mucous in the stool due to ulcerative colitis and crohn's disease | exudative diarrhea |
| hyperthyroidism and diabetic neuropathy causes this kind of diarrhea | hypermotility diarrhea |
| this diarrhea is casued by damage to mucosal lining by bacteria, virus, etc | inflammatory diarrhea |
| Not diarrhea, but is visible in the stool due to bowel tissue invasion, shigella or salmonella | dysentery |
| antibiotic associated diarrhea that develops following the use of any antibiotic in the first few days. The causative organism is clotridium difficile | pseudomembranous colitis |
| This kind of diarrhea is found in ulcerative colitis, crohns diseas, carcinona colon and is a common symptom in HIV patients due to cryptosporidium | chronic diarrhea |
| different diarrheal diseases is referred to as what? | enterocolitis |
| Decreased blood flow to the intestine due to any cause | intestinal ischemia and infarction |
| is mucosal necrosis due to ischemia or infarction? | ischemia |
| Patient presents with adynamic ileus (absence of peristalsis) that may lead to peritonitis and sepsis | intestinal ischemia and infarction |
| common symptoms of this disease are diarrhea and steatorrhea | Malabsorption syndrome |
| damage to the small intestinal mucosa due to abnormal sensitivity to gluten | celiac sprue |
| Microscopically presents with villous atrophy | celiac sprue |
| This is common after visitin south east asia or the caribbean | tropical sprue |
| Long standing contamination of the bowel with e coli or associated with B12 and folic acid deficiency | tropical sprue |
| lamina propria contains macrophages with the organisms; mucosal damage and lymphatic obstruction | Whipple's disease |
| patient presents with diarrhea, fever and joint pain | Whipple's disease |
| chronic inflammation of the large intestine that causes a continuous lesion and superficial inflammation | ulcerative colitis |
| what is the cause of ulcerative colitis? | Idiopathic |
| ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (regional ileitis) are considered what? | Idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases |
| colonoscopy reveals increased mucosal friability and thick inflammatory exudates | ulcerative colitis |
| patient presents with recurrent hematochezia with pus/mucous | ulcerative colitis |
| patients with ulcerative colitis have a higher risk for developing what? | colon adenocarcinoma |
| This is chronic inflammation of the small intestine that is prevalent in young adults and is 2-3 times more common in jews | Crohn's Disease (regional ileitis) |
| This disease will present with intermittent lesions and transmural inflammation | crohn's disease |
| Edematous mucosa presents with a "cobble-stone" appearance in this disease | crohn's disease |
| In this disease the intstinal lumen narrows because of edema and fibrosis and creates non-caseating granulomas | crohns disease |
| Patient presents with abdominal pain, diarrhea and fever | crohn's disease |
| complications of crohn's disease includes what? | intestinal obstruction and fistulaas |
| Post surgical adhesions ((fibrous bands) between tissues/organs may cause what? | bowel obstruction and strangulations |
| Telescoping of one segment of the intesting into another segment | intusseception |
| This is common in children and presents with the four cardinal clinical effects of colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, "currant jelly" stools, and a tender palpable sausage-shaped abdomen | intusseception |
| what are the four cardinal clinical effects of bowel intusseception? | colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, currant jelly stools and a tender palpable sausage shaped abdomen |
| twisting of the intestine at least 180 degrees on its mesentary, resulting in blood vessel compression and ischemia | volvulus |
| patient presents with vomiting and rapid, marked abdominal distention followed by sudden onset of severe abdominal pain | volvulus |
| this is common in young adults and is caused by obstruction by fecalith | appendicitis |
| Patient presents with anorexia, nausea, vomiting, periumbilical pain that is transmitted to macburney's point, rebound tenderness, and leukocytosis | appendicitis |
| necrosis, gangrene, perforation and peritonitis are all complications of what? | appendicitis |
| periumbilical pain as a result of appendicitis will refer where? | macburney's point |
| outpouching of the mucous membrane of the intestine | diverticulosis |
| This is common in the sigmoid colon, and is also known as left sided appendicitis | diverticulosis |
| etiology of diverticulosis is what? | decreased fiber in the diet |
| patient presents with moderate left abdominal pain and vomiting and upon x-ray a saw teeth appearance is noted | diverticulosis |
| complications of diverticulosis include what? | perforation, stricture, fibrosis |
| serpentine ulcer and non-caseating granulomas are microscopic features of this disease | crohn's disease |
| involved segments of the intestine are often adherent to each other and cause fistula and obstruction | crohn's disease |
| crohn's disease presents with what kind of inflammation and involvement? | transmural inflammation, discontinuous involvement |
| ulcerative colitis presents with what kind of inflammation and involvement? | superficial mucosal inflammation, continuous involvement |
| Microscopically you see mucosal congestion and hemorrhage and suppurative necrosis of the glands (crypt abscess) | ulcerative colitis |
| A mass that protrudes INTO the lumen of the gut | polyps |
| 1000 or more polyps in the colon | Familial adenomatous polyposis |
| If colectomy is not done all the patients with this disease will develop adenocarcinoma of the colon by the age of 40 years | familial adenomatous polyposis |
| This disease is autosomal dominant | familial adenomatous polyposis |
| Tubular, villous, or tubulovillous adenomas are considered what? | premalignant lesions of the large intestine |
| what are the benign tumors of the large intestine? | tubular (MC), villous or tubulovillous adenomas |
| what kind of benign tumor of the large intesting is common in the US? | tubular adenoma |
| Male predominance, higher in black race than whites, and commonly found in the rectosigmoid region | benign tumors of the large intestine |
| risk factors for this include familial history, high animal fat diet, low fiber diet and ulcerative colitis | colorectal adenocarcinoma |
| why is a high animal fat, low fiber diet a risk factor for colorectal adenocarcinoma? | associated with slower transit of fecal contents through the colon |
| This appears as polypoid masses or can involve the whole circumference and constrict the lumen or appear as ulcers with everted edges | colorectal adenocarcinoma |
| an "apple core" appearance of the large intestine indicates what? | an ulcer with everted edges |
| a mass in the large intestine that appears as a "napkin ring" indicates what? | a mass that involves the whole circumference and constricts the lumen |
| patient presents with altered bowel habits, an abdominal palpable mass, abdominal pain, weight loss, anemia and hemetochezia | colorectal adenocarcinoma |
| this is staged by Duke's staging method | colorectal adenocarcinoma |
| where does colorectal adenocarcinoma preferrable metasticize to? | liver |
Created by:
kissukels587
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