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Review for test 3
Chapters 11 - 13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Slave Society | The S economy was critically dependent on slave labor b/c or rural society and couldn't live w/o them. the Northern economy was not dependent on slave labor as they were more industrialised but there were still families in the North who had slaves. |
| Planters | Were the most prestigious group and less than 5% of white families were in this class. They controlled more than 40% of the slaves, cotton output, and total ag wealth. most had inheirted/married into wealth. Had the best land b/c they had resources. |
| Planters and gang system | more likely than farmers to belong to ag reform societies and w/ the ownership of 20 or more slaves that could use gangs to do both routine and specialized ag work. |
| Paternalism | Planters and slave owners consider the slaves part of their family in which they should be disciplined. "my family, white and black" |
| "plain folk" | yeomen or the mass of the farming pop. Were not landless, lazy poor whites. They owned their land and they farmed enough to provide for the necessities of life. |
| manumission | is the act of a slave owner freeing his slaves. May do it because of benevolence or as a incentive for slaves to work harder and better. |
| market revolution | Was a reform in economics, culture, individualism, and changed modes of production. By 1850, manufacturing accounted for 1/3 of the commodity output, and 45% of labor force were nonfarm workers. The trasnportation revolution reduced transportation costs. |
| reason for the market revolution | 1815 -1850 reform that included developments that resulted in the increase of immigration and urbanization, the rise of the abolitionist and women's rights movements, and Robert Fulton's invention of the steamboat. |
| Capitialism | open competition; private ownership; developments based on accumulation and reinvestment of profits. State legislatures gave 70% of funding for canals & railroad capital. made it easier for private businesses to recieve legal privileges of incorporation. |
| legal privileges of incorporation | protection of limited liability; the limiting of investors' liability to their direct financial stake in the company, and the power of eminent domain, the legal right to purchase whatever land was needed for rights-of-way. |
| how was the economy opened to competition | Through Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) court overturned a NY law that had given Aaron Ogden a monopoly on steamboat service between NY and NJ. |
| Industrialization | commercial boom; putting out system local merchants furnished raw materials to rural households and paid rate for the labor that converted the raw materials into manufactured products. railroads helped interregional trade. development of working class. |
| Transportation revolution | 1st. steamboats by Robert Fulton-clermont 150 miles up the Hudson River from NYC to albany. Erie Canal in 1825 artifical waterway link E cities w/ W mkts. (1820s) Railroads most important. moved at 15-20 miles/hr. |
| Domesticity | Men belonged in the competitive world of business & politics. Women's main task was to preserve religion and morality in the home & family. responsible for rearing virtuous children and preserving the home as a refuge from outside world. |
| "separate spheres" | husband = the public life wife =private. Meant that man work, voted, participated civics while women cooked,raised children& care domestic duties This dualism is idealized, as no one really lived completely in the private or public. |
| Second Great Awakening | religious revival movement during the early 19th century in the United States, which expressed theology by which every person could be saved through revivals. It enrolled millions of new members, and led to the formation of new denominations. |
| Burned over district | & numerous revivals that crisscrossed the region. They spawned Restorationism and other new religious movements, especially The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints[2] and the Holiness movement. |
| Charles Grandison Finney | led the most dramatic and successful revivals in the cities along the Erie Canal in NY. Preached salvation was available to those who willed it. both economic & moral success depended on sobriety, selfrestraint, and hard work. |
| effects of Finney revivals | Immensely reassuring to employers and entrepreneurs, for it confirmed and sanctified their own pursuit of economic self-interest. provided them w/ a religious inspiration for attempting to exert moral contorl over their employees. |
| Eli Whitney. | built the cotton gin. By cheaply and quicking removing the seeds from cotton fibers, the cotton gin spurred the culutivation of cotton across the South. Also pushed idea of basing production on interchangeable parts. |
| American system of manufacturing | low-cost, standardized mass production, built around interchangeable parts stamped out by machines, was America's unique contribution to the industrial revolution. |
| Humanitarianism | enlightenment values led to social improvement that shaped human character. School reform, benevolent socities, perception of needs, reformism v. radicalism. |
| termperance | drive against alcohol, had the greated impact on most ppl of any reform movement. Rested on persuasion & had to begin w/ voluntary decision of ppl to free themselves from sin. American Temperance Society 1826. greatest sin of land. 1st wave upper & middle |
| William Lloyd garrison | leader of abolitionist movement. coeditor of an antislavery newpaper in Baltimore in 1829. went to jail for 7 weeks and emerged w/ an unquenchable hatred of slavery. launched his antislavery newspaper Liberator in 1831. also helped woman suffrage |
| The liberator | Garrison committed abolitionism to the twin goals of immediatism, an immediate moral commitment to end slavery, and racial equality. only by striving toward these goals, could ppl ever hope to end slavery w/o violence. |
| American Anti-Slavery Society | White and black abolitionists gathered at PA in Dec 1833 to form this. Arthur and Lewis Tappan provided financial backing. Theodore Dwight Weld was the evangelical leader. distributed antislavery literature. 1840 200,000 members. most whites remained out |
| Fredrick Douglass | most dynamic spokesman. Escaped from slavery in 1838, lecturer for abolitionism and in 1845 autobiography Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass. Founded the North Star. publicly denied Garrison's position that Constitution was proslavery doc. |
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