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266 test 3
history 266
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ghazi | muslim religious warriors |
| osman bey | founder of ottoman dynasty. |
| ottoman | seminomadic turks who migrated to northwestern anatolia in the 13th century |
| bursa | ottoman capital, major commercial and intellectual center with inns, shops, schools, libraries, and mosques |
| 2 forces ghazi recruits were organized into | a light cavalry and a volunteer infantry |
| devshirme | ottoman requirement of the christian population of the Balkans to contribute young boys to become slaves of the sultan. boys received training, learned turkish and converted to islam |
| janissaries | christian boys who became ottoman soliders |
| Mehmed the conqueror | captured and made constantinople the new ottoman capital. expanded the ottoman empire |
| Suleyman the magnificent | promoted ottoman expansion in southwest asian and in europe. Ottomans also became a major naval power under him |
| Shah Ismail | founder of safavid empire. Claimed he was the hidden imam, or an incarnation of allah |
| twelver shiism | 12 imams(religious leaders), the 12th is in hiding and is believed to one day return to take power and spread his true religion. |
| qizilbash | (red hats) safavid followers wore distinctive red hats with 12 pleats in memory of the 12 shiite imams |
| Battle of chaldiran | sunni ottomans feared the shiite safavids would spread the safavid propaganda among the nomadic turks in their territory, ,so selim the grim persecuted all shiites in the ottoman empire |
| shah abbas the great | revitalized the safavid empire. moved the capital to isfahan, encouraged trade, reformed the administrative and military institutions |
| Zahir al Din Muhammad | known as babur (the tiger). a chaghatai turk, began the mughal empire |
| akbar | baburs grandson, a brilliant and charismatic ruler. no-nonsense ruler, thoughtful, reflective man deeply interested in religion and philosophy. pursued religious tolerance |
| the divine faith | focused attention on the emperor as a ruler common to all the religious, ethnic, and social groups on india (akbar) |
| aurangzeb | mughal empire reached its greatest extent under him. devout muslim, ended religious toleration, taxed hindus to encourage conversion |
| kanun | (laws) issued by suleyman the magnificent (ottoman) |
| Hurrem Sultana (Roxelana) | a concubine suleyman the magnificent was infatuated with and elevated to the status of a legal wife, consulted her on policies and killed his eldest son for her |
| columbian exchange | brought american crops the the islamic empires. introduced maize, potatoes, tomatoes, coffee and tobacco |
| portuguese goa | center of a christian mission in india. akbar invited portuguese jesuits but declined to commit |
| dhimmi | protected people. conquered peoples who did not convert to isla |
| 13th century founder of the ottoman dynasty | osman |
| 16th century founder of the safavid dynasty | shah ismael |
| mughal ruler who created a centralized administrative structure that included both hindus and muslims in position of power | Akbar |
| effective safavid ruler who modernized the army and retook hormuz from the portuguese | shah abbas |
| ruler who extended mughal rule into southern india but faced many challenges from his hindu subjects | Aurangzeb |
| ottoman sultan, known to his subjects as "the lawgiver" who expanded his empire into central europe | Suleyman the magnificent |
| 17th century ruler who sponsored the creation of the peacock throne and the construction of the taj mahal, 2 symbols of the wealth of the mughal empire | Shah Jahan |
| ottoman troops comprised of captive christian boys, raised in islam and devoted to the sultan | janissaries |
| followers of twelver shiism | qizilbash |
| ottoman sultan who conquered constinople and created a unified ottoman empire | mehmed the conqueror |
| In their rise of power the Ottomans were aided by the ghazi, who were | Muslim religious warriors. |
| The Ottoman military made use of | A)gunpowder weapons. B)siege warfare. C)specially trained Janissary forces. D)armored cavalry. *E)All of the answers are correct. |
| Which of the following places did not come under the control of the Muslim Ottomans | the Iranian plateau |
| Suleyman the Magnificent | captured Belgrade and laid siege to the city of Vienna. |
| In his "Turkish Letters," the Hungarian diplomat Ghislain de Busbecq expresses concerns that | Ottoman forces are hardier and more disciplined than European forces. |
| The Safavid Empire began with the reign of Shah Ismail, who claimed legitimacy to the throne by | tracing his ancestry back to a Sufi religious leader |
| Twelver Shiism was a Muslim sect that claimed that | Ismail was the "hidden" imam or even a reincarnation of Allah |
| At the Battle of Chaldiran in 1514, | the Sunni Ottomans defeated the Shiite Safavids. |
| Shah Abbas revitalized the Safavid regime by all of the following means except | forging alliances with the Ottomans against Europeans. |
| The Mughal leader Babur originally invaded northern India in order to | finance his military campaigns in Central Asia. |
| The reforms of Akbar included all the following except | education and basic rights for Indian women. |
| The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb | replaced many Hindu temples with mosques. B)required all nonbelievers to pay a special tax. C)extended Mughal authority into southern India. D)faced many rebellions and religious conflicts. *E)All of the answers are correct |
| Politically, all three of the Islamic states began as | military states. |
| Foreign trade took hold primarily in | the Safavid and the Ottoman empires |
| One persistent problem within all three empires was | achieving a peaceful succession after the death of the emperor |
| Major trade commodities sought by European merchants from the Islamic empires included | silks, carpets, and other crafts. |
| Which of the following would not be an example of religious toleration under Muslim rule? | the jizya tax imposed by Aurangzeb |
| A major reason for the decline in the Islamic Empires was | the refusal to accept new ideas and technologies from the West. |
| The Muslim resistance to new ideas and technologies by the eighteenth century is illustrated by | A)the Ottoman ban on the printing press. B)the purchase of outmoded weapons from Europe. C)the banning of "impious" telescopes. D)reluctance of Muslims to travel abroad. *E)All of the answers are correct. |
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