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History exam
Chapter 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Jeffersonian Republicanism definition | It was the Democratic-Republican Party under Thomas Jefferson. Over the course of history the idealistic Jeffersonian philosophy lost out to Federalism. |
| Jeffersonian Republicanism beliefs | Jeffersonians wanted a predominantly agrarian republic based on widespread economic equality for white yeoman families to counter any threat posed by the privileged few to the people’s liberties. Favored territorial expansion and the spread of slavery. |
| The Louisiana Purchase | Jefferson reversed his party’s traditional foreign policy. In 1803, Napoleon decided to sell all of the LA territory to the United States. W/o French control of Saint-Domingue, LA was of little use to Napoleon. |
| The Louisiana Purchase Price | For $15 million (including about 4 million in French debts), Napoleon would part with LA. The cost to U.S. was about 3.5 cents per acre. |
| The Louisiana Purchase Reprecussions | Despite the lack of any specific authorization in the constitution for the acquisition of foreign territory or the incorporation as U.S. citizens of the 50,000 French and Spanish descendents living in LA. Opened up territory for MS valley slaveholders. |
| Lewis and Clark Expedition | (1803) Exploration of upper LA. Best known for its scientific discoveries. Initially designed as a military mission. |
| Reasons for War of 1812 | was a war against the British. Second war for independence. Free and open access to world markets (removal of British blockades) and national pride was at stake. British policy of impressments was a humiliating affront to U.S. honor. |
| Reasons Why U.S. might have victory in War of 1812 | The apparent vulnerability of Canada to invasion and the British preoccupation w/ Napoleon in Europe made it possible for a U.S. victory. |
| Religious divisions due to War of 1812 | divided along religious lines. From the strongholds in the Congregationalist churches in New England, the Federalist s preached that all true Christians were opposed to war. The Baptists and Methodists (largest & popular) were pro-war. |
| Land War of 1812 | Canada was the U.S. could strike directly against British forces. War was largely a land war. By seizing Canada, Madison hoped to weaken Britain’s navy and undercut its maritime system. Madison hoped to cut off Britain’s source of supplies in Canada. |
| War Hawks | forty or so prowar congressman who swept into office in 1810. Led by Henry Clay of Kentucky and John C. Calhoun of SC. Played a key role in building congressional support for Madison’s growing aggressiveness on the British issue. |
| War Hawks' Rallying Cry | Hatred of Native Americans, expansionist pressures, agricultural depression, and impatience with the administration’s policy of economic coercion, all pointed to a war against Britain coupled w/ a U.S. takeover of British Canada and Spanish Florida. |
| Francis Scott Key | young lawyer who viewed the torching of Washington, D.C. in 1814 during the War of 1812 from a British prisoner-of-war ship to write “The Star-Spangled Banner”. The future national anthem was set to the tune of a British drinking song. |
| Tecumseh | Shawnee chief who channeled Indian outrage over the Treaty of Greenville into a movement to unify tribes throughout the West for a stand against whites. |
| Tecumseh's views | Preached that Indian lands could be saved and self-respect regained only through tribal cooperation and a spiritual rebirth. Joined forces with the British after the Battle of Tippecanoe. Was killed in the Battle of the Thames |
| William Henry Harrison | The governor of the Indian Territory and popular military hero who became president from the Whig party in 1840. Died a month after entering office; VP Tyler took his place. |
| Military hero William Harrison | In Nov. 1811, he marched an army to Prophet’s Town and provoked the Battle of Tippecanoe and won. Won a decisive victory in the Battle of the Thames. This battle ended British plans for an Indian buffer state. |
| Battle of New Orleans | 1815 battle that occurred after the Treaty of Ghent was signed. Immense strategic significance for U.S. Andrew Jackson was leader. This U.S. victory ended any possibility of a British sphere of influence in LA and a deathblow to Federalism. |
| Characteristics of Andrew Jackson | hero of New Orleans and Gen in Battle of Horseshoe Bend in March 1814. A planter-politician from TN,rose as a ferocious Indian fighter. Led troops into Spanish Florida and gave John Adams the leverage he needed for negotiations with Spain. |
| Andrew Jackson's Presidential elections | Lost in the election of 1824 to Adams due to corrupt bargaining. The Jacksonian Democrats were named after him. Won the election of 1828. Was the enemy of special privilege, the friend of the common man, and the defender of the Union. |
| Andrew Jackson's Appeal to the people | His appeal was strongest among ordinary Americans who valued their local independence and felt threatened by outside centers of power beyond their control. Went through the nullification crisis and the Bank War. |
| “Era of Good Feelings” | 1817 that captured the spirit of political harmony and sectional unity that occured in republic in immediate postwar yrs. National pride inc w/ the British at New Orleans, the fall of Federalists,booming economy. Republicans only governing party. |
| Monroe Doctrine main point | 1823 Monroe said that U.S. wouldn’t interfere in internal affairs of European states. Western Hemisphere closed to further European colonization. |
| Goals of Monroe Doctrine | . Wanted to maintain the max freedom of action for future U.S. policy and avoid impressions that U.S. was beholden to Britain. Cement relationships with nations of Latin America. |
| Panic of 1819 | Wave of Postwar prosperity (1815-18) ended in 1819. Cotton (main U.S. export) prices fell in Jan 1819. triggered a credit cntraction that engulfed overextended U.S. economy. Commodity and real estate prices fell. |
| Factors of 1819 | Other than cotton prices, a sudden shift in policy by the Bank of the U.S. settled into depression. Bank stopped all loans, called in all debts, and refuse to honor drafts on banks in S and W. Bankruptices inc b/c ppl forced liquidation of farms and RE. |
| Missouri Crisis (1819) | Until 1819, slavery wasn't a divisive issue. Unforeseen in NW and SW ordinance was the explosive demand for slave-produced cotton. MS, a portion of LA purchase that northereners assumed would be useless to slavery had fallen under slaveholders control. |
| Missouri Compromise (1820) | Speaker House Henry Clay created this. Congress put no restrictions on slavery in MS, and the admission of MS as slave was balanced by admission of Maine as a free state. Prohibition on slavery in the remainder of LA purchase north of the 36 30 parallel. |
| Consequences of MS compromise | Mde white southeners aware that they were now a political minority within the Union. More rapid pop growth in North had reduced S representation in House to just 40%. Against slavery expansion. S threats of secession died after compromise |
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