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Ch. 12 & 13 vocab
test taken
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Herbert Hoover | an accomplished public servant who was president in 1928 |
| speculation | practice of making high-risk investments in hopes of obtaining large profit |
| Black Tuesday | October 29, 1929, stock prices fell sharply in the Great Crash |
| business cycle | periodic growth and contraction of the economy |
| Great Depression | lasted from 1929-1941, US economy faltered and unemployment soared |
| Hawley-Smoot Tariff | tariff Congress passed to raise prices on foreign imports to such a level, that they couldn't complete in the American market |
| bread line | line of people waiting for the food handouts from charities and public agencies |
| Hooverville | makeshift shanty towns of tents and shacks built on public land or vacant lots |
| tenant farmers | working for bigger landowners rather than for themselves |
| Dust Bowl | used for Central and Southern Great Plains during the 1930s when the region suffered from drought and dust storms |
| Okies | Dust Bowl refugees |
| reparations | process in which Mexican Americans were encouraged, or forced, by local, state, and federal officials to return to Mexico during the 1930s |
| localism | the policy whereby problems could be best solved at local and state levels |
| Reconstruction Finance Corporation | federal agency set up by Congress in 1932 to provide emergency government credit to banks, railroads, and to other large businesses |
| trickle-down economics | economic theory that holds that money lent to banks and businesses will trickle down to consumers |
| Hoover Dam | dam on the Colorado River that was built during the Great Depression |
| Bonus Army | World War II veterans who marched on Washington, DC, in 1932 to demand early payment of a bonus promised them by Congress |
| Douglas MacAuthur | General who was ordered to clear out the Bonus Army marchers |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | governor of New York who in 1932 was Democratic nominee for president |
| Elanor Roosevelt | Franklin's wife and distant cousin |
| New Deal | programs and legislation enacted by FDR during the Great Depression to promote economic recovery and social reform |
| fireside chat | informational radio broadcast in which FDR explained issues and New Deal programs to overage Americans |
| Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) | government agency that insures bank deposits, guaranteeing that depositors' money will be safe |
| Tennessee Valley Authority | government agency that built dams in the Tennessee River Valley to control flooding and generate electric power |
| Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) | New Deal Program that provided young men with relief jobs on environmental conservation projects including reforestation and flood control |
| National Recovery Administration | New Deal agency that promoted economic recovery by regulating production, price, and wages |
| Public Workers Administration (PWA) | New Deal agency that provided millions of jobs constructing public buildings |
| Charles Coughlin | Roman Catholic priest who broke away from supporting New Deal on his radio show |
| Huey Long | Senator of Louisiana and critic of New Deal, his solution was "Share The Wealth" |
| Second New Deal | legislative action began by FDR in 1935 to solve problems created by the Great Depression |
| Workers Progress Administration (WPA) | key New Deal agency that provided work relief through various public works projects |
| John Maynard Keys | British economist who argued that deficit spending was needed to end the depression |
| pump priming | economic theory that favored public works projects because they put money into hands of consumers who would buy more goods, stimulating the economy |
| Social Security Act | 1935 law that set up a pension system for retirees, established unemployment insurance, and created insurance for people harmed during work, aid for poverty stricken families, the blind, and disabled |
| Wagner Act | New Deal law that abolished unfair labor prices, recognized right of employees to organize labor unions gave workers right to collective bargaining |
| collective bargaining | process that employers negotiate with labor unions about hours, wages, and other working conditions |
| Fair Labor Standards Act | 1938 law that set a minimum wage, a maximum work week of 44 hours, and outlawed child labor |
| Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) | labor organization founded in the 1930s that represented unskilled industrial workers |
| sit-down strikes | labor protest in which workers stop working and occupy the workplace until demands are met |
| court packing | FDR plan to add up to six new justices to the nine-member Supreme Court after the Court had ruled that some New Deal legislation was unconstitutional |
| Black Cabinet | group of black leaders who served as unofficial advisers to FDR |
| Mary McLead Bethune | member of Black Cabinet, founder of Bethune Cookman College |
| Indian New Deal | 1930s legislation that gave Indians more control over their affairs and provided funding for schools and hospitals |
| New Deal coalition | political force formed by diverse groups who united to support FDR and his New Deal |
| welfare state | government that assumes responsibility for providing for the welfare of the poor, elderly, sick, and unemployed |
| The Wizard of Oz | mass entertainment, sought to escape the depression |
| Frank Capra | director whose films focused on average Americans |
| War of the Worlds | directed by Orson Welles, Americans listened to the radio, some believed it to be news |
| Federal Art Project | division of the Works Progress Administration that hired unemployed artists to create artworks for public buildings and sponsored art education |
| mural | a large picture painted directly on a wall or ceiling |
| Dorothea Lange | FSA photographer, photographed impoverished farmers, and migrant workers |
| John Steinback | novelist who wrote "The Grapes of Wrath" |
| Lillian Hellman | New Orleans native, play-write |
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myrannaknight
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