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BJU US Ch 20
The Twenties (190-1929)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Normalcy | After a long reign of high morality, outrageous idealism, and "bothersome do-goodism", people longed for the "normalcy" of the old America, and were ready to accept a lower quality president who would not force them to be so involved. |
| Red Scare | The Red Scare erupted in the early 1920's. The American public was scared that communism would come into the U.S. Left-winged supporters were suspected. This fear of communism helped businessmen who used it to stop labor strikes. |
| isolationism | After World War I, America turned inward, away from the world, and denounced “radical” foreign ideas and “un-American” lifestyles. |
| Washington Naval Conference, 1921-1922 | The U.S. and nine other countries discussed limits on naval armaments. They felt that a naval arms race had contributed to the start of WW I. |
| Teapot Dome Scandal | This was one of many scandals under Harding. It involved priceless naval oil reserves in Wyoming. Albert B. Fall got Secretary of Navy Denby to transfer valuable goods to the Interior Department secretly. |
| Kellogg-Briand Pact | a 1929 agreement that promised to never make war again and settle all disputes peacefully. Sixty-two nations signed this pact. Though idealistic, the treaty was hard to enforce. |
| Fordney-McCumber Tariff Law | Passed in 1922, this law raised foreign tariffs to as high as 38.5%. This was designed to equalize the price of American and foreign products. America wanted gold not goods to pay back debts. |
| Dawes Plan | It was an attempt to pay off the damages from WWI. This intricate monetary "merry-go-round," as it was often called, had the U.S. give money to Germany who then paid France and Britain for debts of the war. |
| Warren G. Harding | 29th President friends with The Ohio Gang was a group of poker-playing. He appointed them to offices and they used their power to gain money for themselves. Ruined president’s reputation, even though he wasn't involved. |
| Calvin Coolidge | He became the 30th President, who Harding died of pneumonia. He was known for advocating a strong economy, in money and words. He believed in the government supporting big business, saying, “The business of America is business.” |
| Herbert Hoover | He was the head of the Food Admin during World War I. He became the Sec of Commerce and encouraged businesses to regulate themselves. He had to deal with the Great Crash of 1929, which caused the Great Depression. |
| Alfred E. Smith | Ran for president in the 1928 election for the Democrat party. He was known for his drinking and he lost the election to Herbert Hoover. Prohibition was one of the issues of the campaign. He was the first Roman Catholic to run for president, |
| Albert Einstein | a German-born scientist who encouraged Roosevelt and America to build the first atomic bomb and thus start the Manhattan Project. |
| Sigmund Freud | A Viennese physician that believed sexual repression was responsible for a variety of nervous and emotional diseases. His ideas were taken to heart by the “flaming youth” and “jazz age” of the time. |
| F. Scott Fitzgerald | Belonged to the “Lost Generation” writers. Wrote This Side of Paradise which gave himfame and then the famous novel The Great Gatsby which explored the glamour and cruelty of an achievement-oriented society, the “Jazz Age.” |
| Ernest Hemingway | He fought in Italy in 1917 then became famous for The Sun Also Rises and A Farewell to Arms. In the 1920's he became upset w/the idealism of America versus the realism he saw in World War I and became the voice of the Lost Generation. In 1961 he shot him |
| Sinclair Lewis | He was the chief chronicler of midwestern life. He was a master of satire and wrote Main Street in 1920.then he wrote Babbit which described a materialistic middle-class American businessman. |
| William Faulkner | a southern writer. In 1926, he wrote a bitter war novel Soldier's Pay. any other books about the lives of Southerners, notably, The Sound & the Fury, Lie. His books used the stream-of-consciousness technique & a keep-the reader- in-the-dark tactic. |
| Henry Ford | He made the assembly line production more efficient in his Rouge River plant near Detroit where a finished car would come off the line every 10 seconds. He helped to make cars inexpensive so more Americans could buy them. |
| Charles Lindbergh | In 1927, he was the first person to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean in his plane, the Spirit of St. Louis. He later became an ambassador of goodwill for the United States. |
| Sacco and Vanzetti Case | a shoe-factory worker & a fish peddler who were both convicted of murdering a paymaster & his guard in 1921. Case lasted 6 years and resulted in execution based on weak evid. mainly because Am. were xenophobic. This exemplifies the “nativism” of the day. |
| National Origins Act | aka Immigration Quota Act 1924 – This act was passed in 1924 and cut quotas for foreigners from 3 % to 2% of the total number of immigrants in 1890. The purpose of the year change was to freeze America's existing racial composition |
| Ku Klux Klan | In the 1920s, this group was very anti-foreign. It was against all groups which did not have an Anglo-Saxon, Protestant background. They eventually became less popular when their officials were caught embezzling money. |
| Al Capone | The most infamous of these gangsters was “Scarface”, and his St. Valentine’s Day Massacre. He was finally caught for tax evasion. Gangs moved into other activities as well |
| Fundamentalism | a movement that pushed that the teachings of Darwin were destroying faith in God and the Bible. It consisted of the old-time religion followers who didn’t want to sacrifice traditional religious beliefs to conform to modern theories. |
| Modernists | They believed that God was a "good guy" and that man was not a sinner at heart who deserved punishment. They also believed in God, but tried to reconcile Darwin’s theory of evolution and creationism. |
| John T. Scopes | In 1925, he was indicted for teaching evolution in TN. This trial represented the Fundamentalists & Modernists. He was only fined $100 dollars. While it seemed the Funds. had won, the trial made them look simple minded & old-fashioned. |
| William Jennings Bryan | He joined the prosecution in the "Scopes Monkey Trial" against the teachings of evolution in schools. He was purported to be an expert on the Bible, but was made to look silly in the case and, sadly, died soon afterward. |
| Clarence Darrow | He was a famed criminal defense lawyer and represented Scopes, who supported evolution. He caused William Jennings Bryan to appear old-fashioned when Darrow questioned Bryan about the Bible. |
| KDKA | In November of 1920, the first voice-carrying radio station began broadcasting when the radio station (in Pittsburgh) told of presidential candidate Warren G. Harding’s landslide victory. |
| Installment Plans | Folks followed new (and dangerous) buying techniques…they bought on the these plans, pay a little each month and they bought on credit. Either way, buying like this was fine a little bit, but if they went overboard, problems followed. |
| Speculation | The taking of above-average risks to achieve above-average returns, generally during a relatively short period of time. Speculation involves buying something on the basis of its potential selling price rather than on the basis of its actual value. |
| Bull Market | An extended period of generally rising prices in an individual item, such as stock or gold; a group of items, such as commodities or oil stocks; or the market as a whole. |
| Buying on Margin | technique of buying stocks that was risky. They would buy the stock, but only pay for part of it and borrow money from brokers to pay the rest. Then when they sold the stock for a higher price, they would pay the broker off & keep the rest of the profit. |
| Stock Market Crash 1929 | On October 29, 1929, a devastating stock market crash caused by over-speculation and overly high stock prices built only upon nonexistent credit struck the nation. |
| Flappers | The dynamic 1920s revealed women notorious for their risky attire and dance styles. Referred to as "wild abandons," these girls, exemplified the new sexually frank generation with their clothes, attitudes, and scandalous Charleston dancing. |
| Black Tuesday | – Black Tuesday occurred on October 29, 1929, when 16,410,030 shares of stocks were sold in a save-what can scramble. It marked the beginning of the Great Depression. |
Created by:
wendyk44
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