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Unit 1 Flash
unit 1 flash cards (85)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Paleo-Indians? | the first Americans who crossed from Asia into North America sometime between 38,000 and 10,000 BC |
| migration? | the movement of people from one region to another |
| hunter-gatherer | a person who hunts animals and gathers wild plants to provide for his or her needs |
| environment | the climate and landscape that surrounds living things |
| society | a group of people who live together and share a culture |
| culture | the common values and traditions of a society, such as language, government, and family relationships |
| totems | ancestor or animal spirits—on tall, wooden poles |
| Iroquois League | This political confederation was established by the Cayuga, Mohawk Oneida, Onondaga, and Seneca nations |
| capital—money | property that is used to earn more money |
| joint-stock companies | businesses in which a group of people invest together |
| Christopher Columbus | a sailor from Genoa, Italy. Columbus was convinced that he could reach Asia by sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean |
| Ferdinand Magellan | In 1519 this Portuguese captain set out with a Spanish fleet to sail to Asia across the Southern Ocean |
| Northwest Passage | a nonexistent path through North America that early explorers searched for that would allow ships to sail from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean |
| Columbian Exchange | the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe, Asia, and Africa |
| conquistador | a Spanish soldier and explorer who led military expeditions in the Americas and captured land for Spain |
| Hernán Cortés | Spanish conquistador, he conquered Mexico and brought about the fall of the Aztec Empire |
| Moctezuma II | Emperor of Mexico’s Aztec Empire, he welcomed explorer Cortés as a god but was taken prisoner by him. He was later killed, and the Aztec capital was destroyed during the following Aztec uprising |
| Francisco Pizarro | Mexican revolutionary leader, he called for the restoration of the Mexican constitution and planned an overthrow of Diaz. He became president of Mexico but was overthrown by Victoriano Huerta |
| Junípero Serra | Spanish Franciscan missionary to California, he planned or founded numerous missions all along the Pacific coast and founded San Francisco in an effort to spread Christianity |
| encomienda system | a system in Spanish America that gave settlers the right to tax local Indians or to demand their labor in exchange for protecting them and converting them to Christianity |
| Bartolomé de Las Casas | Spanish missionary and historian, he became the first ordained Catholic priest in the New World and advocated for the welfare and protection of Native Americans as well as preached against the slavery system |
| plantation | a large farm that usually specialized in growing one kind of crop for profit |
| Protestant Reformation | a religious movement begun by Martin Luther and others in 1517 to reform the Catholic Church |
| Protestants | reformers who protested certain practices of the Catholic Church |
| printing press | a machine that produces printed copies |
| Spanish Armada | a large Spanish fleet defeated by England in 1588 |
| Inflation | increased prices for goods and services combined with the reduced value of money |
| charter | an official document that gives a person the right to establish a colony |
| Jamestown | the first colony in America; set up in 1607 along the James River in Virginia |
| John Smith | English colonist to the Americas who helped found Jamestown Colony and encouraged settlers to work harder and build better housing |
| Pocahontas | American Indian princess, she saved the life of John Smith when he was captured and sentenced to death by the Powhatan. She was later taken prisoner by the English, converted to Christianity, and married colonist John Rolfe |
| indentured servant | a colonist who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years |
| Bacon’s Rebellion | When the governor tried to stop him, Bacon and his followers attacked and burned Jamestown in an uprising known as... |
| Toleration Act of 1649 | a Maryland law that made restricting the religious rights of Christians a crime; the first law guaranteeing religious freedom to be passed in America |
| Olaudah Equiano | African American abolitionist, he was an enslaved African who was eventually freed and became a leader of the abolitionist movement and writer of The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano |
| slave codes | laws passed in the colonies to control slaves |
| Puritans | Protestants who wanted to reform the Church of England |
| Pilgrim | a member of a Puritan Separatist sect that left England in the early 1600s to settle in the Americas |
| immigrant | a person who moves to another country after leaving his or her homeland |
| Mayflower Compact | (1620) a document written by the Pilgrims establishing themselves as a political society and setting guidelines for self-government |
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