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Unit Four APUSH
Mrs. Grieve's Unit Four APUSH
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| “corrupt bargain” | deal between Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams that gave Adams the presidency (over Jackson) and Clay Secretary of State position |
| “Jacksonian Democracy” | term used to refer to the fact that common man became more involved in politics during late 1820s and early 1830s |
| Universal male suffrage | when every male over a certain age can vote, regardless of property ownership or religious affiliation |
| Spoils System | system whereby loyal party members are rewarded with jobs for service to party (sometimes promoted corruption) |
| Indian Removal Act of 1830 | forced the resettlement of Native Americans to west of Mississippi |
| Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia (1831) | supreme court case which ruled Cherokees were a foreign nation with no right to sue in federal court |
| Worcester vs.Georgia (1832) | supreme court case that overturned Cherokee vs. Georgia; it said Georgia’s laws had no force in Cherokee territory; BUT JACKSON WOULD NOT ENFORCE THIS DECISION; CHEROKEE FORCED TO OKLAHOMA ON “TRAIL OF TEARS” |
| Trail of Tears | forced march of the 5 “civilized tribes” into Indian territory (later Oklahoma) during the 1830s |
| nullification theory | proposed by John C. Calhoun, it said each state could declare FEDERAL law unconstitutional if it wanted to |
| Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abominations) | passed to protect northern industry from European competition, it resulted in higher prices for southerners and tariffs on southern cotton in Europe; it sparked the Nullification Crisis |
| Proclamation to the People of South Carolina | issued by Jackson in response to SC’s attempt at nullification; it said nullification was treasonous |
| Force Bill | gave Jackson the power to invade SC during nullification crisis |
| Second Bank of the United States | created in 1816 with a 20 year charter; destroyed by Andrew Jackson |
| Nicholas Biddle | head of the Second Bank of the United States during presidency of Andrew Jackson |
| Pet Banks | a term used by Jackson’s opponents to describe the state banks that the federal government used for new revenue deposits in an attempt to destroy the Second Bank of the United States |
| Second Party System | party system that was comprised of Democrats and Whigs (1824-1848) |
| Democrats | states’ rights party that was offshoot of Democratic-Republicans; wanted limited federal government power |
| Whigs | offshoot of Federalist party, it wanted a stronger federal government and the promotion of Henry Clay’s American System |
| Kitchen cabinet | informal group of friends who advised Jackson during his administration; Jackson believed that the official cabinet’s main function was to carry out his orders |
| Manifest Destiny | term that implied it was America’s “obvious” destiny to take over the ENTIRE continent to the Pacific |
| Great American Desert | nineteenth century term for the area between Mississippi River and Pacific coast |
| Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1842) | treaty between US and Great Britain that settled border disputes between Maine and Canada and Minnesota and Canada |
| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (Mexican Cession 1848) | treaty that ended Mexican-American War; Mexico recognized Rio Grande as Texas border, US received Mexican Cession, US paid Mexico $15 million |
| Wilmot Proviso | proposal at beginning of Mexican-American War by David Wilmot of Pennsylvania that said slavery should be forbidden in new territories acquired from Mexico in war |
| Gadsden Purchase | US purchase of portions of Arizona and New Mexico from Mexico in 1853 under Franklin Pierce for $10 million (to build railroad) |
| American System | comprehensive program for advancing the nation’s economic growth proposed by Henry Clay |
| 3 Elements of the American System | tariffs, national bank, and internal improvements (infrastructure) |
| National Road (Cumberland Road) | first major interstate road; led from Maryland to Illinois |
| Erie Canal | canal in New York state running from Albany to Buffalo |
| Clinton’s Ditch | nickname for the Erie Canal; came from name of New York governor who wanted Erie Canal built |
| Cotton Gin | invention by Eli Whitney that helped transform economy of South |
| tariffs | taxes on imported goods whose purpose is to raise the price of foreign products, thus protecting domestic industry |
| Lowell System | regimented factory system that utilized female labor, dormitory-style housing, and strict daily schedules for female textiles workers |
| Second Great Awakening | religious revival of early 1800s that influenced reform movements of mid 1800s |
| Mormons | religious group of Second Great Awakening started by Joseph Smith |
| Transcendentalism | literary and philosophical movement that emphasized emotionalism, nature, anti-materialism, and civil disobedience |
| Horace Mann | led the movement for public schools in the United States |
| Auburn System | system that sought to reform US prison system by implementing structure, discipline, and work programs that would lead to moral reform of prisoners |
| Dorothea Dix | led the movement that sought to reform American mental asylums |
| temperance movement | movement that saw alcohol as main cause of social problems; sought to outlaw alcohol |
| Germans and Irish | the two ethnic groups that usually opposed temperance |
| William Lloyd Garrison | America’s foremost abolitionist during the first half of the nineteenth century |
| abolitionist movement | movement that sought to outlaw slavery |
| The Liberator | leading abolitionist newspaper of early nineteenth century |
| American Colonization Society | abolitionist group that sought immediate abolition of slavery with no compensation to slave owners |
| Nat Turner | leader of the 1831 slave revolt in Virginia; most violent slave revolt in history of the USA |
| “Cult of Domesticity” | nineteenth century idea that said man led in economic/political affairs; women ran household/provided moral foundation |
| Seneca Falls Convention | first women’s rights convention (1848) |
| Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton | leaders of early women’s rights movement |
Created by:
bjgrieve
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