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Ch. 3 Terms
U.S. History America: Pathways to the Present, Modern American History ©2005
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION | Britian,effort over many decades to increase production by using machines powered by sources other than humans or animals,1700s,Britian and the United States, to produce goods & materials faster & more cheaply,new inventions,inventors,Changed manufactures |
| FREE ENTERPRISE | Market Revolution, economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of captial goods, 1820s-1840s, United States,rewards people who can find efficiant ways of running a business, how supply & demand decides imports and exports,more shopping |
| STATES' RIGHTS | United States, powers that the constitution neither gives to the fedreal government nor denies to the states, 1828, South Carolina, based onthe constitutional princeiple of divided sovereignty between the federal governments and the state governments |
| TARIFF (PRODUCTIVE) | tax on trade, US constitution will not charge export tariffs but chares import tariffs.People in manufaturing recieve benefits. Consumers get hurt. |
| IMMIGRATION | rise of immigrants in the European countries, a person who migrates to another country, usually for permanent residence, 1700s to present, United States, cheap labor in factories and building of canals and railroads,143,000 immigrants in 1820s to 2.6 mil. |
| MX CESSSION | Mexico, lands surrendered, or ceded, to the United States by Mexico at the end of the Mexican War, 1848, TX and Rio Grande, Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, United states gained the Property of TX |
| COMPROMISE OF 1850 | Henry Clay of KY, Agreement designed to ease tensions caused by the expansion of slavery into western territories,1850, CA,NM,UT, to bring CA into the Union, Utah and New Mexico joined too |
| DRED SCOTT DECISION | Dred Scott, argued that because he and his wife had once lived in the states and territories where slavery was illegal,the couple was free, 1857, Missouri and congress, all slaves, were not citizens and therefore had no rights to sue in court, Ruled 7to2 |
| 2ND GREAT AWAKENING | Americans, second greatest religous movement, 1800s, United States, Anyone rich or poor could win salvation if he or she chose to do so, congregation or people of the church, traveling churches |
| NATIONALISM | America, devotion to ones' nation, 1820s, United States, national banks and foregin policy, McCulloch v Maryland and Monroe Doctrine, stronger national feeling |
| POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY | Steven Douglas, inhabitants of a territory should be free from federal interference in determining their own domestic policy, esp in deciding whether or not to allow slavery, 1840-1850s, United States,should vote on territorial development |
| ABOLITION | free african americans and whites, to end slavery, late 1700s, United States, Northern states passed laws to end slavery, passed laws, United states ended importing slaves in 1808 |
| TEMPERANCE | americans, campaign to eliminate alcohol consumption, early 1800s, United States (Maine), tended to make people lose control and threatened womans family life, Reformers creating laws, 1830s and 1860s alcohol consumption dropped |
| GADSDEN PURCHASE | Mexico, Sold America 30,000 sq. mi. for $10 million dollars, 1853,NM and AZ, Wanted California, also connected US, annnd its SIG cuz by 1846 we established present-day boundaries |
| INTERNATIONAL IMPROVEMENTS | THE WORLD, worldwide expansions that are beneficial to everyone in the world, 1700s, example: Industrial Revolution, expanded faster supply and demand, new inventions, trading world wide |
| JOHN BROWN'S RAID | John Brown, men including John raided a arsenal, 1859, Virginia, to give to enslaved people to start a slave uprising, convicted of treason, Browns raid deepened between North and South |
| SYNCRETISM | the attempted reconciliation or union of different or opposing principles, practices, or parties, as in philosophy or religion |
| MONROE DOCTRINE | President Monroe, United States would oppose efforts by any outside power to control a nation in the Western Hemisphere, 1823, United States, to not get involved in foregin affairs, the doctrine |
| TRAIL OF TEARS | United States army and Native Americans, men,woman, and children, most on foot began a 116-day forced march westward, 1838, present day OK, Farmers wanted more land that belonged to the Natives, Forceably moved tribes, 1/4 cherokees died of illness |
| TRANSCENDENTALISTS | philosophers and writers, people who believed spiritual discovery and insight would lead a person to truths more profound than could be reached through reason, 1830-1850, rejected outward rituals and group worship in favor of private inward searching |
| MANIFEST DESTINY | John L. O'Sullivan, undeniable fate to posses the entire continent, 1830s -1840s, NY, United states wanted to own fron sea to shining sea religously and economically, The journalist wrote the words discribing the mission, made it a goal for the US |
| CA GOLD RUSH | Americans, Gold was discovered in CA causing migration to the territory, 1848 & 1852, gold was valueable, wagon trains horses, population jumped from 14,000 to 200,000 |
| KS-NE ACT | Steven Douglas, the creation of 2 new territories KS and NE, KS and NE, wanted to repeal the MO Compromise, popular sovereignty, angered Northern Democrats |
| CONF. STATES OF AM | Southern United States, association of 7 seceeding southern states, 1861, the southern US, outraged that a president could be elected without any southern electoral votes, just declared they were leaving, Civil War |
| MARKET REVOLUTION | Americans, Americans made,bought,sold goods, decades after war of 1812, American Economy soared, nation of farmers and manufacturing, Revolution |
| NULLIFY | South Carolina, reject federal laws they judged to be unconstitutional, 1828, prompted SC to declare that states ahd the right to judge when the federal gov. had exceeded its authority, declared tariffs null and void, threated to secede from the US |
| INDIAN RELOCATION ACT | Andrew Jackson, Wanted Native Americans to move so farmers could expand farming, 1820s-1830s, Louisana Purchase area, give Natives land in the LA area for taking the East, Indian Removal Act, Trail of Tears |
| SUFFRAGE | Women, From the Woman's right Women wanted the right to vote, 1848, United States, Woman felt as though they should infulence public affairs directly, Seneca Falls Convention, Beginning to Womans Rights Act |
| MEX-AM WAR | United States, conflect between the United States and Mexico ending with US Victory, 1846-1848, Mexico, America wanted more land, Fought Mexico for it, War |
| WILMOT PROVISO | Congress, slavery would not be permitted in any of the territory acquired from mexico, 1846, USA, to end the decision of weither to allow slavery in the new territory from MX, Bill was created, no slavery |
| NATIVISM | Whigs,favoring native-born americans vs. Immigrants, 1800s, USA, americans recive better treatement then immigrants, surge of new immigrants close to 3 million |
| ELECTION OF 1860 | Lincolin and Douglas, Lincolin captured the residency without winning a single electoral vote in the south, 1860, USA, He won 189 electoral votes, gaining 39% of popular vote, Lincolin became an awesome president yo |
Created by:
TristaC
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