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3 Gs and 13 Colonies
Covers why the 13 Colonies were started
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In the context of the Age of Exploration, what do the "Three Gs" represent? | God (faith), Gold (wealth), and Glory (power) |
| Which European movement, meaning "rebirth" of knowledge, inspired the era of ocean exploration? | The Renaissance |
| How did the Ottoman Empire's conquests in 1453 affect European trade with Asia? | The Ottomans gained control of all overland trade routes, effectively closing them to Western Europeans. |
| Why were spices highly sought after by Europeans during the 1400s and 1500s? | They were used to flavor and preserve meats. |
| What is a "patron" in the context of ocean exploration? | A person (such as Prince Henry of Portugal) who gives money or support to help an expedition succeed. Henry the Navigator Bartolomeu Dias Vasco da Gama The end of the Reconquista 13 colonies Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshir |
| Prince Henry of Portugal is historically known by what title? | Henry the Navigator |
| In 1488, which Portuguese navigator was the first to sail around the southern tip of Africa (the Cape of Good Hope)? | Bartolomeu Dias |
| Which explorer successfully reached Calcutta, India, by sea in 1498? | Vasco da Gama |
| What event occurred in Spain in 1492 that expelled Muslims and Jews? | The end of the Reconquista |
| By the year 1733, how many British colonies were established along the Atlantic coastline? | 13 colonies |
| List the four colonies that made up the New England region. | Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire |
| Why was large-scale farming difficult in the New England Colonies? | The region had long, cold winters and a rocky, hilly wilderness. |
| What were the primary industries of the New England economy? | Lumbering, fishing, shipbuilding, trade, and small farms. |
| List the four Middle Colonies. | New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware aws. |
| Which religious group, seeking freedom to practice their faith, founded the colony of Pennsylvania? | The Quakers |
| Which Middle Colony city was the first in America to establish a public school and use a grid pattern for its streets? | Philadelphia |
| List the five Southern Colonies. | Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia |
| What are "cash crops"? | Crops, such as tobacco, sugar, and rice, raised in large quantities to be sold for profit. |
| Why was the climate of the Southern Colonies ideal for large-scale plantations? | The region had hot, wet conditions and rich soil. |
| Which English colony was specifically established as a refuge for debtors? | Georgia |
| What is a "charter" in the context of colonial settlement? | A formal document from the king outlining boundaries and specifying how a colony would be governed. |
| Define a colonial "assembly." | An elected group of lawmakers within a colony. |
| In early Massachusetts, the colonists established a _____, a government whose leaders ruled in the name of God. | Theocracy |
| In colonial America, who generally had the right to vote? | Free, white, land-owning men. |
| Which groups of people were typically denied voting rights in the English colonies? | Women, servants, enslaved people, and skilled tradesmen who did not own land. |
| What geographic feature allowed Southern plantation owners to easily transport crops to the coast for export? | Broad rivers |
| What is the meaning of "Humanism" as it relates to the Renaissance push for discovery? | The belief that "I can do anything" and the desire to learn about oneself and the world. |
| How did early New Englanders adapt to their rocky environment to make a living? | They turned to the forests and the sea (lumbering, fishing, and shipbuilding). |
| Which colony was settled by a wide variety of ethnic groups, including Swedes, Dutch, and Germans? | The Middle Colonies |
| Why did English monarchs appoint governors in the colonies? | To act as the king's representative and maintain the power to overrule elected assemblies. |
| The _____ Tip of Africa is known as the Cape of Good Hope. | Southern |
| What was the purpose of the town meetings that evolved in Massachusetts? | To allow colonists to vote for representatives and govern themselves. |
| Who did Southern plantation owners rely on to sow and harvest their large fields? | Indentured servants and enslaved Africans. |
| What is an "export"? | A product or good that a country sells to another country. |
| Name the skill used in planning and following a route, especially when traveling by ship. | Navigation |
| The English government supported colonization partly to compete for land with which two other nations? | France and Spain |
| Which region featured coastal wetlands that merged into the sea? | The Southern Colonies |
| In which colonial region was the church the center of both religious and political life? | New England |
| Why did Europeans need an alternate sea route to India and China that avoided Ottoman territory? | To avoid sharing their profits with the Ottomans and to trade directly for goods like silk and spices. |
| Which Middle Colony was known for having a landscape that included wooded mountains and valleys in its western parts? | Pennsylvania (or New York) |
| According to the "3 Gs" slides, what religious tensions fueled the drive for exploration? | Catholic vs. Protestant tensions and a history of Crusades (wars over faith). |
| Which European nation is described as a sea-oriented nation with nearly all its land within 80 miles of the coast? | Portugal |
| Bartolomeu Dias originally named the southern tip of Africa the "Cape of _____"; King John II later renamed it the "Cape of Good Hope." | Storms |
| A planned journey for a special purpose, such as exploring or discovery, is called a(n) _____. | Expedition |
| Which city in the English colonies was the first to use a checkerboard or grid street pattern? | Philadelphia |
| True or False: Most of the 13 British colonies were self-governing. | TRUE |
| Why did colonists feel the need to make their own laws in America rather than relying solely on England? | The colonies were too far away from England to efficiently maintain peace and order from across the ocean. |
| What luxury fabric from Asia was essential for the clothing of wealthy Europeans? | Silk |
| In addition to a governor and an assembly, some colonies had _____, which represented the businessmen involved in starting the colony. | Councils |
| What did the term "democratic" mean in the context of the English colonies? | Ruled by the people, specifically through citizens electing representatives to make and carry out laws |
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