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7 Functional Groups

TermDefinition
Hydroxyl Group (–OH) Polar, hydrophilic. Found in carbohydrates (sugars) and alcohols.
Carbonyl Group (C=O) Polar, hydrophilic. Found in ketones and aldehydes (sugars like glucose).
Carboxyl Group (–COOH) Polar, ACIDIC (donates H+). Found in amino acids and fatty acids.
Amino Group (–NH₂) Polar, BASIC (absorbs H+). Found in amino acids.
Sulfhydryl Group (–SH) Polar. Forms disulfide bridges to stabilize protein tertiary structure.
Phosphate Group (–OPO₃²⁻) Polar, highly negative. Key component of ATP, DNA/RNA, and cell membranes.
Methyl Group (–CH₃) Nonpolar, hydrophobic. Used as a biological tag on DNA to regulate gene expression.
Created by: mayrxs
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