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western civ test
hardest test of my life
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Muhammad | he got sent an angel (Gaberial) and spread the word of God. He was the creator of Islam |
| khadija | Muhammad's wife and was the first person to accept islam |
| abu bakr | Abbasids dynastys caliph |
| ali | Muhammad's cousin, after Muhammad's death he should have been the successor |
| hussein | grandson of muhammad his followers died and his death became a symbol of standing up against injustice |
| mu'awiyah | astablished the umyyad dynasty. leadership became hederitory |
| abu al-'abbas | astablished the abbaside dynasty he led the revolt against the umnyyad dynasty |
| harun al-rashid | he was known for wealth, culture, growth,learning, and trade. Baghdad became a center for education science literature and culture |
| al-mansur | Baghdad became the capitol of the Abbasid empire. and a major center for trade learning and culture. |
| ibn-rushd | his feild was philosophy and medicine and he wrote a medical encyclopedia called the kulliyat. |
| al-razi | he advanced medicine and wrote books, he also distinguished smallpox from measles |
| ibn sina | wrote the canon of medicine, studied astronomy, chemistry, physics, and philosophy. |
| bedouin | Arab people who traditionally lived on the deserts |
| ka'aba | a sacrad building in mecca that Muslims face when praying |
| allah | the Muslim god |
| mecca | the city allah lived in |
| medina | the city muhammad migrated to and established the first Muslim community |
| quaran | the holy book for muslims |
| muslim | Islamic religion |
| mosque | Islamic place of prayer |
| hajj | the pillgrimige to mecca all muslims must do at some point in their life |
| five pillars of Islam. | the five practices Muslims must follow including prayer, charity, faith, pillgrimage, and fasting |
| shari'ah | the system of religious law and moral guidelines based on the quaran |
| hadith | reports about Muhammad's word |
| caliph | a Muslim leader who sucseeded muhammad as a leader of the Muslim community |
| caliphate | a government ruled by a caliph |
| sheikh | a respected Muslim leader or elder |
| hijrah | Muhammad's migration from mecca to medina. |
| jihad | a Muslims strugg;e or effort to live according to defend their faith |
| people of the book | everyone who believes god has revealed himself at some point. this includes Muslims, Jews, and christians |
| sunni | the largest branch of Islam which follows the tradition and teachings of Muhammad and accepts the early caliphs |
| shia | a branch that believes Ali and his descendance were the rightful leaders of the Muslim community after Muhammad's death. |
| vizier | a government official who helped advise and assist the caliph in running the empire |
| sultan | a Muslim leader |
| dowry | money, property, or valuable goods given by a brides family to the grooms family when she gets married |
| astrolabe | an instrument used to measure the position of stars and planets and help with navagation |
| arabesques | patterns often used in Islamic architectures |
| minaret | a tall tower attached to the mosque often used to call prayer |
| muezzin | the person who calls Muslim prayer. |
| Arabia before islam | most people lived in small villages and towns and moved from season to season |
| mecca | it was important to the rise of Islam because it was Muhammad's birth city and where he made his pillgrimage |
| medina | it was important to the early Muslim community because Muhammad built the first Muslim community there. |
| hijrah | they were able to build the first Muslim community and practice their religion freely there. |
| return to mecca | they took control and Muhammad cleansed the Kaaba of idols |
| Muhammad's death | it caused the problem of who next should lead and who should become the next caliph |
| yarmuk | it helped defete the byzantine empire. this helped the Arab empire gain control of much of synria and expand the territory. |
| battle of tours | umayyad expansion into the western was halted |
| umayyad dynasty | it started when Muawiya I, established hereditary rule its capitol is damascus. it stretched from Spain to North Africa to india |
| abbasid dynasty | it began when the Abbasid Revolution successfully overthrew the preceding Umayyad Caliphate. Baghdad was the capitol for learning trade and science |
| baghdad | it became a center for politics trade science and learning because its location was on major trade routes |
| abbasid decline | weak rulers, wars, and heavy taxes weekend the dynasty, it was to large to control. |
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