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1.3 SS Vocab (FULL)
1.3 American Indians
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ice age | A period of extreme cold temperatures when part of the planet's surface was covered with massive ice sheets. |
| hunter-gathers | people who survive by searching for wild plants and animals to eat. |
| indigenous peoples | people who are native to a particular place |
| Beringia | landmass that connected Asia and Alaska |
| artifacts | objects made by humans and used by archaeologists to learn about past human cultures |
| archaeologists | scientists who study evidence left by early people to learn about their culture |
| pictographs | pictures drawn or painted on cave walls, ledges, and cliffs |
| petroglyphs | carvings made in rock |
| mammoths | large slow-moving animal that early American Indians hunted |
| pueblos | large Native American homes made of adobe |
| tipi | cone-shaped tents made of poles covered with animal skins used as swellings by some Native American groups |
| migrate | to move from one place to another |
| pemmican | a mixture of animal fat and berries used by some Native American tribes in order to preserve meat |
| band | two or more extended families that lived together under one leader |
| extended family | families that include parents, their children, and the parents' grandchildren |
| tribe | a number of bands that followed the same leader and shared the same territory and culture |
| matrilineal | decent is traced primarily through the mother |
| adobe | a mix of wet clay and straw that is made into bricks and dried in the sun |
| kiva | a large room used for meetings and religious ceremonies among the Pueblo peoples |
| anthropologist | a scientist who studies human beings, their beginnings, their cultures, and their physical traits |
| enmity | mutual hatred |
| coalition | a temporary group that has come together for a specific purpose |
| reservations | land set aside by the governments for use by Native Americans |
| atlatl | hand-held spear thrower |
| Karankawas | Lived on the gulf between the current sites of Galveston and Corpus Christi. They were nomadic hunter-gatherers who relied on small game and fish for food. Most treasured possession was their dugout canoes. |
| Comanches | they were nomadic hunter-gatherers; each band had a chief with limited power and could only act with the approval of the band's council; their entire way of life depended on the buffalo. They were fierce warriors |
| Tonkawas | hunters and gatherers who lived in central Texas; lost many people in conflicts with other Native Americans and Europeans; The Comanches prevented them from hunting buffalo |
| Kiowas | They lived in the Texas plains; They became allies of the Comanches and Wichitas; they were nomads who hunted buffalo; They had an important religious ceremony known as the Sun Dance |
| Coahuiltecans | In Coastal Plains between San Antonio and Corpus Christi, they lived in hundreds of independent bands. Because many spoke unique-languages, it's difficult to think of them as one. Were hunters-gatherers and least warlike. They lived in dome shaped huts. |
| Caddos | They were matrilineal. They were quite numerous and had many groups called confederacies; they lived in east Texas. They farmed, hunted, and gathered. Women had a higher status than many other Texas Indian groups |
| Wichitas | First, lived near Caddos, but then migrated to Kansas; One unusual aspect of their lifestyle was that they had a mixed economy where they hunted for food and had a vast agricultural system in which they grew corn, etc. and tobacco; they lived in tipis. |
| Apaches | they moved into Texas only slightly before the Spanish; no matter where they went, they posed a threat to the people who already lived on the land; they were comprised of six tribes, with the Lipan and Mescaleros most important to Texas history |
| Jumanos | located in the Mountains and Basins region between the Rio Grande and Pecos Rivers; they were farmers and lived in pueblos made of adobe; most of their fields were close to a river; they did a lot of trading for what they could not grow or hunt |
| Tiguas | They are the oldest group of American Indians still living in Texas today. Lived in the mountains and basins region around El Paso on the Rio Grande and called their town "Ysleta"; made their houses from adobe; Had a kiva where their tribal council met |
| Atakapans | they lived south of Caddos and often traded with them; they were a very diverse people who shared a language, but shared little else; some farmed, some hunted, some fished |
| Conchos | lived in the mountains and basins region southwest of the Jumanos; they were allies with the Jumanos; they were farmers and hunters; they lived in huts that were covered in grass or animal skins; they disappeared in the late 1600s |
Created by:
Oliver.lee
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