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Unit 1 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Map | It's a two-dimensional or flat scale model of Earth's surface or portion of it |
| Absolute distance | The exact quantitative physical separation between two points measured with standard units of length |
| Relative distance | The measurement of how far apart two places are expressed in terms like time, costs, or effort; rather than exact physical measurement. |
| Direction | Where a place or feature is located in relation to another place or feature. |
| Clustering | When objects in the area are closed together |
| Dispersal | The spacing of objects within an area |
| Elevation | The altitude of a place above sea level or ground |
| Distortion | Change in shape, size, distance, or direction. |
| Geographic Information Systems (GIS) | Designed to capture, store, maintain, analyze, and present numerous types of spatial and/or geographical data. |
| Global Positioning System (GPS) | A system that uses data from satellites to pinpoint a location on Earth |
| Geographic Information Science (GIScience) | The study of how to capture, analyze, manage, and model geographic concepts. |
| Remote sensing | The usage of sensors to acquire information about a location without being there on-site |
| Absolute location | The location on Earth, often given in terms of latitude and longitude. |
| Relative location | The location of the place in relation to other places |
| Site | The exact physical and human-altered characteristics of a place itself |
| Situation | A place's relative location based on its human or physical features around it |
| Space | Primarily refers to the size or extent of a geographic area |
| Place | Refers to the characteristics or qualities of a geographic area |
| Flows | Shows the movement of people, objects, ideas, etc. between places |
| Distance decay | States that the interaction between two locations declines as the distance between them increases |
| Time-space compression | The reduction in the time it takes something to reach a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation system |
| Pattern | The geographic or regular arrangement of something within the area |
| Sustainability | The use of Earth's resources in a way that ensures their availability in the future |
| Natural resources | Something found within the natural environment that is accessible and economically valuable to humans |
| Land-use | Examines the economic and cultural activities (e.g. agricultural, residential, industrial, mining, and recreational uses) that are practiced at a given place |
| Environmental determinism | Geographic theory that states that human behaviors are a direct result of the surrounding environment |
| Possibilism | Geographic theory that the physical environment may set limits on human activities, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives |
| Map scale | Refers to the relationship of a feature size on a map compared to its actual size on Earth |
| Formal/uniform region | An area defined by predominant or universal characteristic throughout its entire area |
| Functional/nodal region | An area centered on a node, focal point, or central hub surrounded by interconnecting linkages |
| Perceptual/vernacular region | An area people believe exist as part of their culture identity |
| Spatial association | The relationship between the distribution of one feature and the distribution of another feature on Earth's surface |
| Latitude | The measurement of distance North or South of Equator expressed in degrees along horizontal lines called parallels |
| Longitude | The geographic coordinate measuring a location's East-West position in degrees ranging from 0° to 180° east or west |
| Parallel | An imaginary East-West line of latitude that circles the globe parallel to the equator and measures distance north or south |
| Meridian | An imaginary arc drawn on a map or globe between the North Pole and the South Pole |
| Prime Meridian | An imaginary line of longitude set at 0° that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole and passes through Greenwich, England |
| Equator | The imaginary line at 0° latitude that circles the Earth horizontally and divides it into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres |
| Renewable resource | A natural resource that can be regenerated/reproduced |
| Resource | A substance in an environment that is useful to ecosystems |
| Toponym | The name of any geographical place or feature |
| Map Projection | The scientific method of transferring locations on earth's round surface to a flat map |
| Reference Map | A type of map that shows where something is in space |
| Thematic Map | A type of map that portrays the geographic patterns of a particular subject matter or data set in a geographic area |
| Census | A periodic and official count of a country's population |
| Online mapping and visualization | Compilation in publication of websites that provide graphical and text information in the form of maps/visuals |
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