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Histo L3&4

Cell Components and Cell Replication

TermDefinition
Cytology Study of the anatomy, physiology, pathology and chemistry of the cell
Robert Hooke Discovered and named the cell in 1665 (cellula)
Cytosol Fluid medium within the cell, mainly water and dissolved particles
Cytoplasm Contains fluid and organelles, where energy production and protein synthesis happen
Cell Contents 70% Water, 30% chemicals
Chemical Components of Cell 15% proteins, 4% small molecules, 6% RNA, 2% phospholipids, 1% DNA, 2% polysacharides
Plasma Membrane exomembrane, many functions depend on the plasma membrane
Endomembranes Organelles and nucleus
Mitochondrial Core Internal mitochondrial membrane, double membrane
Structure of Plasma Membrane, Lipids Phospholipid bilayer, cholesterol, glycolipids
Structure of Plasma Membrane, Proteins Structural or signaling, transportation, other basic protein functions
Structure of Plasma Membrane, Hydrocarbons Mainly surface glycoproteins
Fluid Mosaic Creation 1972, Singer and Nicolson
Fluid Mosaic Meaning The cell membrane is fluid and elastic, proteins and lipids can move around
Membrane Transport Mechanisms- Diffusion Passive transport for small nonpolar molecules. From high to low concentrations
Membrane Transport Mechanisms- Channel Passive transport through protein pores that open for ions and small molecules. From high to low concentrations
Membrane Transport Mechanisms- Carrier Passive transport for small polar molecules. From high to low concentrations Moves against the concentration
Membrane Transport Mechanisms- Pump Active transport requiring ATP. Moves against the concentration
Membrane Transport Mechanisms- Vesicles Active transport through endocytosis
Endocytosis Vesicle formation to bring in particles. 2 types
Phagocytosis Cell bringing in solids, Eating
Pinocytosis Cell bringing in liquid, drinking
Modifications- Microvilli On apical (surfaces facing a cavity) surfaces, small finger-like protrusions
Modifications- Glycocalyx Ex: Endothelium, keep cells from sticking to lumen. Carbohydrate coating on the outer surface of membranes.
Modifications- Intermembranous junctions Ex: Epidermal cell's desmosomes. Spot welds two cells together with linker glycoproteins, important for local regulation
Mitochondria Important for energy production
Mitochondria Structure 3 parts. Outer smooth membrane (porous), Matrix (similar to cystsol), Inner rough membrane (many folds)
Mitochondria 3 Main functions Oxidative phosphorylation (ADP to ATP), Respiratory Chain, Krebs Cycle
Mitochondrial Reproduction Autonomous division aka fission
What cells lack Mitochondria Prokaryotes and red blood cells
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Surface covered with ribosomes, important for protein synthesis that are being exported. form nuclear membrane
Ribosomes
Created by: user-2055571
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