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HGAP Mod. 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Relative location | The position of one place (or person) in relation to the position of another place (or person) |
| Space | The areas we occupy as humans; it has no value until the people who occupy it make it their own |
| Place | How we modify space based on who we are as a group of people |
| Cultural landscape | The built forms that cultural groups create in inhabiting Earth — farm fields, cities, houses, and so on — and the meaning, values, representations, and experiences associated with those forms |
| Globalization | The idea that actions and conditions in one place are increasingly linked to actions and conditions in other places around the globe. |
| Time-space compression | The decreasing distance between places, as measured by travel time or cost; often summarized by the phrase “the world is shrinking” |
| Interdependence | The ties established between regions and countries that over time collectively create a global economic system that is not necessarily based on equality |
| Geographic processes | The physical and human forces that work together to form and transform the world |
| Diffusion | The pattern by which a phenomenon such as the movement of people, or their ideas, technologies, or preferences, spreads from a particular location through space and time |
| Independent invention | Occurs when the same or a very similar innovation is developed at the same time in different places by different people working independently |
| Expansion diffusion | Occurs when ideas or practices spread throughout a population, from area to area, in a snowballing process, so that the total number of knowers or users and the areas of occurrence increase |
| Hierarchical diffusion | Occurs when ideas leapfrog from one important person, community, or city to another, bypassing other persons, communities, or rural areas |
| Reverse hierarchical diffusion | Occurs when ideas leapfrog from a lower level of a hierarchy to a higher level |
| Contagious diffusion | The wavelike spread of ideas in the manner of a contagious disease or forest fire, moving throughout space without regard for hierarchy |
| Stimulus diffusion | Occurs when a specific trait is rejected, but the underlying idea is accepted |
| Relocation diffusion | Occurs when individuals or groups with a particular idea or practice migrate from one location to another, thereby bringing the idea or practice to their new homeland |
| Friction of distance | The inhibiting effect of distance on the intensity and volume of most forms of human interaction; time-space compression diminishes friction of distance |