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Unit 1 AH Vocab
Dr. Fisher's unit 1 american history vocab review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Jamestown | The first permanent English settlement in North America, established in 1607. |
| Joint-stock colony | A colony funded by a group of investors who share the profits and losses. |
| Headright system | A system that granted land to settlers in the colonies, typically to encourage settlement. |
| Indentured servants | Individuals who agreed to work for a certain number of years in exchange for passage to America. |
| Powhatan wars | Conflicts between English settlers in Virginia and the Powhatan Confederacy in the early 1600s. |
| Plymouth | The second permanent English settlement in North America, founded by the Pilgrims in 1620. |
| Separatists | A group of Puritans who sought to separate from the Church of England and establish their own congregations. |
| Massachusetts Bay Colony | A Puritan settlement established in 1630, known for its religious and political structure. |
| "City on a Hill" | A phrase used by John Winthrop to describe the Massachusetts Bay Colony as a model of Christian charity. |
| Metacom/King Phillip's War | A conflict between Native American tribes and English settlers in New England from 1675 to 1676. |
| Material Culture | The physical objects, resources, and spaces that people use to define their culture. |
| Plantations | Large farms that typically produced cash crops and relied on slave labor. |
| Cash crops | Crops grown for sale rather than for personal use, such as tobacco and cotton. |
| Subsistence Agriculture | Farming that provides enough food for the farmer and their family, with little surplus for sale. |
| Congregationalist | A member of a Protestant denomination that emphasizes the autonomy of local congregations. |
| Roger Williams | A Puritan minister who advocated for religious freedom and founded Rhode Island. |
| Anne Hutchinson | A Puritan woman who challenged the religious authorities in Massachusetts and was banished. |
| Bacon's Rebellion | A rebellion in 1676 led by Nathaniel Bacon against the colonial government in Virginia. |
| Physical Geography | The study of natural features and processes of the Earth, such as land forms and climate. |
| Human Geography | The study of human activities and their relationship to the environment. |
| Mercantilism | An economic theory that emphasizes the role of the state in managing the economy and maximizing exports. |
| Trans-Atlantic trade | Trade routes that connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas, including the exchange of goods and enslaved people. |
| Tobacco Society | A society in which the economy is heavily dependent on the cultivation and export of tobacco. |
| Salem Witch Trials | A series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts in 1692. |
| First Great Awakening | A religious revival movement in the 1730s and 1740s that emphasized personal faith and emotional experiences. |
| Enlightenment | An intellectual movement in the 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason, science, and individual rights. |
| Social Contract | A theory that individuals consent to form a government to protect their rights and maintain order. |
| French and Indian War | A conflict between Britain and France in North America from 1754 to 1763, part of the global Seven Years' War. |
| Proclamation of 1763 | An order by the British Crown prohibiting colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains. |
| Boston Tea Party | A political protest in 1773 by the Sons of Liberty against British taxation, where tea was dumped into Boston Harbor. |
| Stamp Act | A 1765 British law imposing a tax on printed materials in the colonies, leading to widespread protest. |
| Sons of Liberty | A secret organization formed to oppose British policies and taxes in the American colonies. |
| Declaration of Independence | The document adopted on July 4, 1776, declaring the American colonies' independence from Britain. |
| Valley Forge | The site of the Continental Army's winter encampment in 1777-1778, known for its hardships. |
| Battle of Saratoga | A turning point battle in the American Revolutionary War in 1777 that secured French support for the colonies. |
| Battle of Yorktown | Last major battle of the Revolutionary War. Cornwallis and his troops were trapped in the Chesapeake Bay by the French fleet. He was sandwiched between the French navy and the American army. He surrendered October 19, 1781. |
| Elizabeth Freeman | enslaved African American who won her freedom in court |
| Quok Walker | Runaway slave from MA who was caught and returned; sued for freedom and won. |
| Abigail Adams | Wife of John Adams. During the Revolutionary War, she wrote letters to her husband describing life on the home front. She urged her husband to remember America's women in the new government he was helping to create. |
| Shay's Rebellion | An armed uprising in 1786-1787 by farmers in Massachusetts protesting economic injustices. |
| Benjamin Banneker | African-American scientist who taught himself calculus and trigonometry. He also helped design the capitol in Washington D.C. |
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