Question 1

Which hereditary disease pattern requires only one abnormal gene from one parent? 

A. Autosomal dominant 
B. Autosomal recessive 
C. Multifactorial inheritance 
D. Chromosomal deletion

Accepted Answer

A. Autosomal dominant 

Rationale: Autosomal dominant inheritance requires only one abnormal gene from a parent for the disorder to occur. The 
chapter uses Huntington disease as an example and notes that children of an affected parent have a 50% chance of 
inheriting the defect.

Question 2

Which condition is identified in Chapter 1 as an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 4?
 
A. Cystic fibrosis 
B. Sickle cell anemia 
C. Huntington disease 
D. Hemophilia

Accepted Answer

C. Huntington disease 

Rationale: Huntington disease, also called Huntington chorea, is listed as an autosomal dominant disorder. It is caused by a 
genetic defect on chromosome 4 and results in degeneration of neurons in certain areas of the brain.

Question 3

Which statement best describes autosomal recessive inheritance? 

A. Only one abnormal gene is needed for the condition to appear. 
B. The condition is caused only by extra chromosomes. 
C. Two abnormal copies of the gene are required, one from each parent. 
D. Only males can inherit the abnormal gene.

Accepted Answer

C. Two abnormal copies of the gene are required, one from each parent. 

Rationale: Autosomal recessive diseases require two copies of the abnormal gene for the disease or trait to develop. Cystic 
fibrosis and sickle cell anemia are examples given in Chapter 1.

Question 4

A patient’s chart describes eye color, height, and hair texture. Which term best describes these observable characteristics? 

A. Genotype 
B. Phenotype 
C. Mutation 
D. Allele

Accepted Answer

B. Phenotype 

Rationale: Phenotype refers to observable physical characteristics, such as hair color, nose shape, and height. These 
characteristics are influenced by both genetic makeup and environmental factors.

Question 5

Allopathic medicine is another term for: 

A. Traditional Chinese medicine 
B. Conventional Western medicine 
C. Ayurvedic medicine 
D. Homeopathic medicine

Accepted Answer

B. Conventional Western medicine 

Rationale: Allopathic medicine refers to conventional Western medicine and relies on evidence-based practices, 
medications, and procedures to diagnose and treat disease.

Question 6

Samuel Hahnemann coined the term allopathic medicine and later developed: 

A. Osteopathy 
B. Chiropractic medicine 
C. Homeopathy 
D. Acupuncture

Accepted Answer

C. Homeopathy 

Rationale: Samuel Hahnemann criticized the limitations of allopathic medicine and developed homeopathy. 
Homeopathy is based on the principle that highly diluted substances may stimulate the body's healing response.

Question 7

Which Ayurvedic energy is associated with wind? 

A. Pitta 
B. Vata 
C. Kapha 
D. Yin

Accepted Answer

B. Vata 

Rationale: Vata represents the wind energy in Ayurveda. Along with Pitta (fire) and Kapha (earth), it helps determine 
an individual's constitution and overall balance.

Question 8

Which Ayurvedic energy represents fire? 

A. Kapha 
B. Vata 
C. Yang 
D. Pitta

Accepted Answer

D. Pitta 

Rationale: Pitta is associated with fire and plays a role in metabolism and transformation. Maintaining balance among 
Vata, Pitta, and Kapha is essential to health according to Ayurvedic principles.

Question 9

Traditional Chinese Medicine is based on five elements. Which of the following is NOT one of them? 

A. Fire 
B. Earth 
C. Air 
D. Wood

Accepted Answer

C. Air 

Rationale: Traditional Chinese Medicine recognizes five elements: fire, earth, metal, water, and wood. These 
elements are believed to interact with one another and influence health and disease.

Question 10

Homeopathy is based on the belief that: 

A. Surgery and medication should always be avoided. 
B. Large doses of herbs stimulate the immune system. 
C. Highly diluted substances can stimulate the body's healing response. 
D. Qi flows through meridians to restore health.

Accepted Answer

C. Highly diluted substances can stimulate the body's healing response. 

Rationale: Homeopathy was developed by Samuel Hahnemann in 1796. It is based on the principle that extremely 
diluted substances leave an "energy imprint" that stimulates the immune system and promotes healing. Practitioners 
believe that very small doses can help the body restore balance and health.

Question 11

Osteopathy was founded in 1874 by: 

A. Andrew Weil 
B. Samuel Hahnemann 
C. René Descartes 
D. Andrew Taylor Still

Accepted Answer

D. Andrew Taylor Still 
Rationale: Dr. Andrew Taylor Still founded osteopathy in 1874. He believed the musculoskeletal system plays a major 
role in overall health and that correcting structural dysfunction can improve body function and healing.

Question 12

Nociceptive pain results primarily from: 

A. Psychological disorders 
B. Damage to tissues rather than nerves 
C. Spinal cord lesions 
D. Anxiety disorders

Accepted Answer

B. Damage to tissues rather than nerves 

Rationale: Nociceptive pain, sometimes called tissue pain, arises from damage to tissues rather than 
nerves. It is often localized and described as aching or throbbing and commonly affects the back, arms, 
and legs.

Question 13

Somatic pain commonly results from injury to: 

A. Internal organs 
B. Cranial nerves 
C. Muscles, tendons, and ligaments 
D. Brain tissue

Accepted Answer

C. Muscles, tendons, and ligaments 

Rationale: Somatic pain results from injury to muscles, tendons, and ligaments and commonly occurs in 
the back and thighs. It may be superficial (cutaneous) or deep depending on the tissues involved.

Question 14

Malignant pain is associated with: 

A. Psychological disorders 
B. Arthritis 
C. Cancer or its treatment 
D. Nerve damage

Accepted Answer

C. Cancer or its treatment 

Rationale: Malignant pain results from tumors or cancer treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, or 
radiation therapy. Management often requires multiple treatment approaches.

Question 15

According to gate control theory, pain is transmitted to the brain when: 

A. Large nerve fibers completely block impulses 
B. Small nerve fiber stimulation opens transmission pathways 
C. Endorphins close all gates permanently 
D. No stimulation occurs

Accepted Answer

B. Small nerve fiber stimulation opens transmission pathways 

Rationale: Gate control theory proposes that pain transmission depends on the balance of signals 
traveling through large and small nerve fibers. Stimulation of small fibers opens the gate, allowing pain 
impulses to reach the brain.

Question 16

Antimicrobial resistance causes antibiotics to lose their: 

A. Safety profile 
B. Vaccine properties 
C. "Miracle drug" classification 
D. Antiviral capabilities

Accepted Answer

C. "Miracle drug" classification 

Rationale: Antimicrobial resistance reduces the effectiveness of antibiotics and has contributed to the loss of their 
once-famous "miracle drug" status. Resistant organisms are an increasing global concern.

Question 17

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) was first identified in:
 
A. India 
B. China 
C. Saudi Arabia 
D. Australia

Accepted Answer

C. Saudi Arabia 

Rationale: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) was first recognized in Saudi Arabia and can spread from 
person to person. Camels and bats are believed to have played a role in transmission.

Question 18

MERS may have originated from: 

A. Dogs and cats 
B. Camels or bats 
C. Mosquitoes 
D. Rodents

Accepted Answer

B. Camels or bats 

Rationale: Evidence suggests that camels or bats may have served as reservoirs for MERS-CoV before human 
transmission occurred.

Question 19

Botulism is caused by bacteria that primarily produce: 

A. Kidney failure 
B. Respiratory alkalosis 
C. Muscle paralysis 
D. Liver damage

Accepted Answer

C. Muscle paralysis 

Rationale: Botulism is caused by bacterial toxins that interfere with nerve function and produce paralysis. 
Severe cases may affect respiratory muscles and become life-threatening.

Question 20

Which disease is caused by the variola virus? 

A. Smallpox 
B. Chickenpox 
C. Mumps 
D. Measles

Accepted Answer

A. Smallpox 

Rationale: Smallpox is caused by the variola virus and spreads through respiratory secretions. Although 
eradicated naturally, it remains a concern because of its potential use as a biological weapon.

Question 21

West Nile virus is transmitted to humans primarily by: 

A. Fleas 
B. Ticks 
C. Mosquitoes 
D. Respiratory droplets

Accepted Answer

C. Mosquitoes 

Rationale: West Nile virus is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. It was 
previously included among emerging infectious diseases.

Question 22

Which disease is especially dangerous to pregnant women? 

A. Rubeola 
B. Rubella 
C. Mumps 
D. Pertussis

Accepted Answer

B. Rubella 

Rationale: Rubella, also called three-day measles, produces fever and rash and is particularly dangerous 
during pregnancy because it can cause serious fetal abnormalities.

MED203 PATHOPHYS

MED203 CH01-04 KEY STUDY TOPICS

Question	Answer
Which hereditary disease pattern requires only one abnormal gene from one parent? A. Autosomal dominant B. Autosomal recessive C. Multifactorial inheritance D. Chromosomal deletion	A. Autosomal dominant Rationale: Autosomal dominant inheritance requires only one abnormal gene from a parent for the disorder to occur. The chapter uses Huntington disease as an example and notes that children of an affected parent have a 50% chance of inheriting the defect.
Which condition is identified in Chapter 1 as an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 4? A. Cystic fibrosis B. Sickle cell anemia C. Huntington disease D. Hemophilia	C. Huntington disease Rationale: Huntington disease, also called Huntington chorea, is listed as an autosomal dominant disorder. It is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 4 and results in degeneration of neurons in certain areas of the brain.
Which statement best describes autosomal recessive inheritance? A. Only one abnormal gene is needed for the condition to appear. B. The condition is caused only by extra chromosomes. C. Two abnormal copies of the gene are required, one from each parent. D. Only males can inherit the abnormal gene.	C. Two abnormal copies of the gene are required, one from each parent. Rationale: Autosomal recessive diseases require two copies of the abnormal gene for the disease or trait to develop. Cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia are examples given in Chapter 1.
A patient’s chart describes eye color, height, and hair texture. Which term best describes these observable characteristics? A. Genotype B. Phenotype C. Mutation D. Allele	B. Phenotype Rationale: Phenotype refers to observable physical characteristics, such as hair color, nose shape, and height. These characteristics are influenced by both genetic makeup and environmental factors.
Allopathic medicine is another term for: A. Traditional Chinese medicine B. Conventional Western medicine C. Ayurvedic medicine D. Homeopathic medicine	B. Conventional Western medicine Rationale: Allopathic medicine refers to conventional Western medicine and relies on evidence-based practices, medications, and procedures to diagnose and treat disease.
Samuel Hahnemann coined the term allopathic medicine and later developed: A. Osteopathy B. Chiropractic medicine C. Homeopathy D. Acupuncture	C. Homeopathy Rationale: Samuel Hahnemann criticized the limitations of allopathic medicine and developed homeopathy. Homeopathy is based on the principle that highly diluted substances may stimulate the body's healing response.
Which Ayurvedic energy is associated with wind? A. Pitta B. Vata C. Kapha D. Yin	B. Vata Rationale: Vata represents the wind energy in Ayurveda. Along with Pitta (fire) and Kapha (earth), it helps determine an individual's constitution and overall balance.
Which Ayurvedic energy represents fire? A. Kapha B. Vata C. Yang D. Pitta	D. Pitta Rationale: Pitta is associated with fire and plays a role in metabolism and transformation. Maintaining balance among Vata, Pitta, and Kapha is essential to health according to Ayurvedic principles.
Traditional Chinese Medicine is based on five elements. Which of the following is NOT one of them? A. Fire B. Earth C. Air D. Wood	C. Air Rationale: Traditional Chinese Medicine recognizes five elements: fire, earth, metal, water, and wood. These elements are believed to interact with one another and influence health and disease.
Homeopathy is based on the belief that: A. Surgery and medication should always be avoided. B. Large doses of herbs stimulate the immune system. C. Highly diluted substances can stimulate the body's healing response. D. Qi flows through meridians to restore health.	C. Highly diluted substances can stimulate the body's healing response. Rationale: Homeopathy was developed by Samuel Hahnemann in 1796. It is based on the principle that extremely diluted substances leave an "energy imprint" that stimulates the immune system and promotes healing. Practitioners believe that very small doses can help the body restore balance and health.
Osteopathy was founded in 1874 by: A. Andrew Weil B. Samuel Hahnemann C. René Descartes D. Andrew Taylor Still	D. Andrew Taylor Still Rationale: Dr. Andrew Taylor Still founded osteopathy in 1874. He believed the musculoskeletal system plays a major role in overall health and that correcting structural dysfunction can improve body function and healing.
Nociceptive pain results primarily from: A. Psychological disorders B. Damage to tissues rather than nerves C. Spinal cord lesions D. Anxiety disorders	B. Damage to tissues rather than nerves Rationale: Nociceptive pain, sometimes called tissue pain, arises from damage to tissues rather than nerves. It is often localized and described as aching or throbbing and commonly affects the back, arms, and legs.
Somatic pain commonly results from injury to: A. Internal organs B. Cranial nerves C. Muscles, tendons, and ligaments D. Brain tissue	C. Muscles, tendons, and ligaments Rationale: Somatic pain results from injury to muscles, tendons, and ligaments and commonly occurs in the back and thighs. It may be superficial (cutaneous) or deep depending on the tissues involved.
Malignant pain is associated with: A. Psychological disorders B. Arthritis C. Cancer or its treatment D. Nerve damage	C. Cancer or its treatment Rationale: Malignant pain results from tumors or cancer treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. Management often requires multiple treatment approaches.
According to gate control theory, pain is transmitted to the brain when: A. Large nerve fibers completely block impulses B. Small nerve fiber stimulation opens transmission pathways C. Endorphins close all gates permanently D. No stimulation occurs	B. Small nerve fiber stimulation opens transmission pathways Rationale: Gate control theory proposes that pain transmission depends on the balance of signals traveling through large and small nerve fibers. Stimulation of small fibers opens the gate, allowing pain impulses to reach the brain.
Antimicrobial resistance causes antibiotics to lose their: A. Safety profile B. Vaccine properties C. "Miracle drug" classification D. Antiviral capabilities	C. "Miracle drug" classification Rationale: Antimicrobial resistance reduces the effectiveness of antibiotics and has contributed to the loss of their once-famous "miracle drug" status. Resistant organisms are an increasing global concern.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) was first identified in: A. India B. China C. Saudi Arabia D. Australia	C. Saudi Arabia Rationale: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) was first recognized in Saudi Arabia and can spread from person to person. Camels and bats are believed to have played a role in transmission.
MERS may have originated from: A. Dogs and cats B. Camels or bats C. Mosquitoes D. Rodents	B. Camels or bats Rationale: Evidence suggests that camels or bats may have served as reservoirs for MERS-CoV before human transmission occurred.
Botulism is caused by bacteria that primarily produce: A. Kidney failure B. Respiratory alkalosis C. Muscle paralysis D. Liver damage	C. Muscle paralysis Rationale: Botulism is caused by bacterial toxins that interfere with nerve function and produce paralysis. Severe cases may affect respiratory muscles and become life-threatening.
Which disease is caused by the variola virus? A. Smallpox B. Chickenpox C. Mumps D. Measles	A. Smallpox Rationale: Smallpox is caused by the variola virus and spreads through respiratory secretions. Although eradicated naturally, it remains a concern because of its potential use as a biological weapon.
West Nile virus is transmitted to humans primarily by: A. Fleas B. Ticks C. Mosquitoes D. Respiratory droplets	C. Mosquitoes Rationale: West Nile virus is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. It was previously included among emerging infectious diseases.
Which disease is especially dangerous to pregnant women? A. Rubeola B. Rubella C. Mumps D. Pertussis	B. Rubella Rationale: Rubella, also called three-day measles, produces fever and rash and is particularly dangerous during pregnancy because it can cause serious fetal abnormalities.

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