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SS Final
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Culture | The way people live. |
| Stone Age technological advances | Stone and pebble tools, traps for animals, spears, and arrows. |
| Surplus | More than needed; extra. |
| Effect of a surplus of food | Allowed early settlers to stay in one place. |
| Specialization of labor | Developed in early cities because different jobs had to be done and there was a surplus of food due to the Neolithic Revolution when people began to farm. |
| How was farming made possible in Mesopotamia | The flooding caused by the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers made farming possible. |
| Why was Babylon a center of trade | Babylon’s central location made it a center of trade. |
| Code of Hammurabi | Laws written down which allowed all people to see the laws. |
| Effect of the Phoenician alphabet | More people could read and write. |
| How did the Nile River contribute to Egypt’s success | It gave Egypt many resources, the ability to farm, and transportation. |
| Natural barriers between Nubia and Egypt | Cataracts, deserts, and delta. |
| Menes | The Egyptian pharaoh who united Upper and Lower Egypt. |
| Scribe | A professional writer. |
| Rosetta Stone | The artifact that cracked the code of hieroglyphics. |
| Egyptian pyramids | Tombs filled with treasures so the dead could take them to the afterlife. |
| Israelites | Monotheistic people who believed in only one God. |
| Huang He River | Left deposits of loess, or fertile soil. |
| Dynasty | A family of rulers. |
| Confucius | A Chinese philosopher who influenced China. |
| Importance of family in early Chinese life | Family was more important than the individual and was put above everything else. |
| Reincarnation | Rebirth of the soul into another living thing. |
| Karma | Your actions determine what you will become in the next life. |
| Hinduism | Differs from other religions because there is no single founder. |
| Siddhartha Gautama | Founder of Buddhism. |
| Buddhism | Taught about nirvana, a state of peace and happiness, and rejected wealth and material goods. |
| Greece’s geography | Mainly mountainous and seas, which isolated people from each other and caused them to develop city-states. |
| Differences between Athens and Sparta | Government, military, education, and women’s rights. |
| Golden Age of Greece achievements | Philosophy, architecture, democracy, and arts. |
| Greek philosophers | Explained natural events using logic and reasoning. |
| Alexander the Great | Spread Greek culture and created a new Hellenistic Culture. |
| Plebeian | A commoner. |
| Patrician | An upper-class citizen. |
| Roman Senate | Made up of 300 senators or patricians and controlled most parts of the government. |
| Similarity between U.S. government and Roman Republic | Both have three branches of government and two parts that make up the legislative branch. |
| Why Roman senators disliked Julius Caesar | He declared himself dictator for life and took power away from them. |
| Reasons Rome fell | Inflation, corrupt leaders, its size, and a mercenary army. |
| Why Roman governors in Judea were concerned about Jesus | They believed he was a threat to their authority. |
| Emperor Constantine | Declared Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire. |
| Middle Ages | Began after the Western Roman Empire fell. |
| Crusades | Holy Wars led by Pope Urban fought between Catholic Europeans and Muslims over Jerusalem, the Holy Land. |
| Magna Carta | Limited the king’s power over nobles. |
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