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Civil War
Use this Study Stack to learn the terms of Social Studies 7 Unit 5, for the test
| Defintion | Term |
|---|---|
| loyalty to a region rather than to the nation as a whole | Sectionalism |
| the rights and powers held by the individuals US states rather than by the federal government (and the question of who should decide on the important issues such as slavery) | States' Raights |
| the decision of a state to separate from the government of the United States | Secession |
| At the root of the conflict is division over the issue of what and future slavery in New territories and states? | slavery |
| declares independence/leaves the Union | secedes |
| What was the first state to leave the Union? | South Carolina |
| Who was the president of the Confederate States of America? | Jefferson Davis |
| Confederates | South |
| Union | North |
| North | "The Union" Blue Uniforms |
| Larger Population *More volunteers *More factory workers Railroads-move troops and supplies Factories to make weapons Navy/Trade-ships Telegraphs for communication | Advantages of the Union |
| Have to conquer a HUGE area Invading unfamiliar land Has to bring the fight to the South (offensive) | Weaknesses to the Union |
| Fight Defensive War Fighting to defend homeland Horse riding and gun skills Military Schools in South produced experienced leaders | Advantages to the Confederacy |
| Small Population Few Factories Few Railroads Few Warships Weak Government *States didn't work together well Economic Problems | Weaknesses to the Confederacy |
| slave-holding states that remained loyal to the Union. These states were geographically located between the free North and the Confederate South, making them strategically important for both sides. | Border States |
| What were the five Boarder States ? | Delaware, Maryland, Missouri, and West Virginia (which separated from Virginia during the war). |
| President of the United States (Union) 1860-1865 Patient Strong Leader Fine War Planner Sense of Humor | Abraham Lincoln |
| President of the Confederate States of America Attended USMA (West Point) Military Experience Honest Courageous | Jefferson Davis |
| Ulysses S. Grant | Union General |
| Robert E. Lee | Confederate General |
| Stonewall Jackson | Confederate General |
| leads to SECESSION OF SOUTH CAROLINA | Election of Lincoln (1860) |
| South Carolina- First shot fired by Confederates on Union fort | Fort Sumter (1861) |
| Lincoln freed all slaves in the Confederate States. This WEAKENS THE SOUTH AND MOTIVATES UNION SOLDIERS. They were were now fighting to bring a final end to slavery in the U.S. | Emancipation Proclamation (January 1, 1863) |
| By 1862 the Mississippi River was still not safe for travel because the Confederates still controlled this town along the river. THE UNION'S SIEGE OF VICKSBURG GIVES THE NORTH CONTROL OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. | Vicksburg (1863) |
| Over 40,000 soldiers were killed. This was the turning point of the war. Into was the only fighting that took place in a free state. The South's hopes for invading the North ended. | Gettysburg |
| large-scale infantry assault during the Battle of Gettysburg on July 3 1863 where Confederate soldiers attempted to break through the Union lines on CEMETERY RIDGE;it was a disastrous fail resulting in heavy casualties and a turning point in the Civil War | Pickett's Charge |
| Lincoln reminds Americans that: The US was founded on the belief that "all men are created equal" The Union was fighting so that "government of the people, by the people, and for the people shall not perish form Earth" | Gettysburg Address |
| The Civil War period was characterized by improvements in weaponry, transportation and communication: | Submarines Railroads Telegraphs Observation Balloons "Ironcalds" (Ships w/ metal sides) Better Weapons Observation The Merrimack (Confederate) v Monitor (Union) First fight between two ironclad neither ship is damage More accurate ad deadly weapons |
| North (Union); Strategies; Blockage southern ports: Failure of Success? | Success! |
| North (Union); Strategies; Take Richmond, Virginia (The Confederate Capital): Failure of Success? | Failure! |
| North (Union); Strategies; Seize control of the Mississippi River to cut the Confederacy in two: Failure of Success? | Failure? |
| South (Confederacy) Strategies: Fight a defensive war until northerners are tired of fighting: Failure of Success? | Didn't work! |
| South (Confederacy) Strategies: Depend on Europe for money and supplies: Failure of Success? | Didn't happen! |
| The New York City Draft Riots, occurring July 13-16, 1863, were a violent response to the first federal draft in U.S. history. The riots were sparked by a combination of factors | NYC Draft Riots? |
| What sparked the NYC Draft Riots? | Working-class anger over the draft, resentment toward the wealthy who could afford to avoid the service, and anti-Black sentiments. The riots resulted in widespread destruction, hundreds of deaths and the targeting of Black New Yorkers. |
| How did the Union participate in Total War at Sherman's March to Sea (1864-1865) | burning homes, farms, and cities and destroying roads, bridges, railroad tracks, and telegraph lines |
| What town did the surrender of the Civil War take place? Who surrendered to who? | In the town of Appomattox Court House (a town in Virginia), Robert E. Lee surrenders to Grant (1865) |
| Lee asked for the terms of surrender, and Grant hurriedly wrote them out. Generously, all officers and men were to be pardoned, and they would be sent home with their private property-most important to the men were the horses | Lee's Surrender to Grant (1865) |
| The assassination of Abraham Lincoln took place on Good Friday, April 14, 1865, at Ford's Theatre in Washington D.C., during a performance of "Our American Cousin." Actor John Wilkes Booth, a Confederate sympathizer, shot Lincoln in the back of the head | The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln |
| When did Lincoln die after his assignation? | The following morning |
| What was the larger plot of Lincoln's Assassination? | to kill Vice President Andrew Johnson and Secretary of State William H. Steward. Booth's co-conspirators were put on trial and some were sentenced to death by hanging, Lincoln's death marked the end of the Civil War and ushered in an era of reconstruction |
| turbulent era after the Civil War was the effort to reintegrate Southern states from Confederacy+4 million newly-freed people into the United States.Under the administration of President Andrew Johnson 1865-1866southern states legislature had Black Codes | Reconstruction |
| Reunite the country following the Civil War Rebuild the economy and infrastructure (roads, railroads, homes, e.t.c.) Integrate former slaves into American society Extend rights of citizens to freed salves | Goals of Reconstruction |
| Abolishes slavery | 13th amendment |
| Extends citizenship to former slaves | 14th amendment |
| Extends the right to vote to all males (over 18) regardless of race Freeman | 15th amendment |
| provides jobs, created schools, medical treatment, tried to protect rights (voting, land ownership) | Freedom's Bureau |
| granted the rights of citizenship and voting to freedmen | 14th and 15th amendments |
| All states rejoined the Union after a period of military rule. By 1877 Federal troops left the South. 1868- President Johnson pardons all those involved in the rebellion States rewrite Constitutions to include protection of rights for all citizens | reuniting the Nation |
| Slavery is replaced by sharecropping | Rebuilding the economy |
| Farmers worked on land for an owner in return for equipment, seeds and a share of the crop | Sharecropping |
| Lincoln/Johnson wanted a quick, painless, forgiving approach to reconstruction In an effort to take power from President Johnson, Radical Republicans impeached him (long story) | Disagreements over Reconsturction |
| members of Congress disagreed with Johnson and wanted to punish the South for their role in the Civil War and extend political rights to African-Americans | Radical Republicans |
| White Southerners who sided with Radical Republicans | Scalawags |
| Dishonest Northern individuals who tried to seize control of Southern State governments after the Civil War by moving South and running for office | Carpetbaggers |
| black families would rent small plots of land in return a portion of their crop was given to landowner at the end of each yearSharecroppers remained poor their condition is not much better than it was under slavery | Sharecropping |
| a racist organization that used violence and intimidation to prevent African Americans from achieving equal rights | Ku Klux Klan |
| laws that promote SEGREGATION in Southern society (whites and African Americans were separated in most public places.) | Jim Crow Laws |
| laws passed in Southern States that limited the civil rights of African Americans. | Black Codes |
| Obstacles put into place to prevent African-Americans from voting | Poll Taxes, Literacy Tests and Grandfather Clauses |
| Supreme Court Case enforced the policy of "Separate but Equal" facilities in the United States... | Plessy v. Ferguson |
| Racism will run deep in the South for the next century and beyond. Efforts to limit the rights of African-Americans will continue through this time. Americans are still divided over the issues related to race. | Obstacles to Reconstruction/Rights for African Americans |
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