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Quarter 3
WWII, Cold War, & Global Shifts
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Fascism | A far-right, authoritarian, ultranationalist political ideology (e.g., Nazi Germany) |
| Internment | The imprisonment or confinement of people, commonly in large groups, without trial (e.g., Japanese-American camps) |
| Containment | A US foreign policy aimed at stopping the spread of communism during the Cold War |
| Cold War | A state of political hostility between countries characterized by threats, propaganda, and other measures short of open warfare (US vs. USSR) |
| Terrorism | The unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims |
| Dictatorship | A form of government in which absolute power is concentrated in a single leader |
| Holocaust | The systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of six million Jews by the Nazi regime |
| Genocide | The deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular nation or ethnic group |
| Pan-Asian | A movement promoting solidarity among Asian peoples |
| Pan-African | A movement encouraging the solidarity of Africans worldwide |
| Declaration | A formal or explicit statement or announcement |
| Infamy | The state of being well known for some bad quality or deed |
| Commendation | An award involving special praise |
| Battle of Stalingrad | A major turning point in WWII, where Soviet forces defeated Nazi Germany (1942-1943) |
| Island Hopping | A military strategy used by the Allies in the Pacific War against Japan |
| Incarceration | The state of being confined in prison or a similar institution |
| Ration | A fixed amount of a commodity officially allowed to each person during a time of shortage (wartime) |
| War bond | Debt securities issued by a government to finance military operations |
| Bracero program | A series of laws and diplomatic agreements initiating the import of temporary contract laborers from Mexico to the US (1942) |
| Tuskegee Airmen | The first black military aviators in the US Army Air Corps |
| Navajo Code Talker | Native Americans who used their coded language to transmit messages in the Pacific Theater |
| Executive Order 8802 | Signed by FDR in 1941 to prohibit racial discrimination in the national defense industry |
| Marginalized | To treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or peripheral |
| Atomic Bomb | A bomb that derives its destructive power from rapid release of nuclear energy (used in Hiroshima/Nagasaki) |
| Iron Curtain | The political, military, and ideological barrier erected by the Soviet Union to seal off itself and its allies (coined by Churchill) |
| Arms race | A competition between nations for superiority in the development and accumulation of weapons |
| Domino theory | The theory that a political event in one country will cause similar events in neighboring countries (used to justify Vietnam War) |
| Proxy war | A war instigated by a major power that does not itself become involved |
| Red Scare | A period of intense fear of communism in the US (1920s and 1950s) |
| McCarthyism | The practice of making accusations of subversion or treason without proper evidence (1950s) |
| Assassination | The murder of a prominent person, typically for political reasons |
| Glasnost | "Openness"; a Soviet policy of open discussion of social problems initiated by Gorbachev |
| Perestroika | "Restructuring"; a policy of restructuring the Soviet economic and political system |
| Intervention | Interference by a country in another's affairs |
| Islamophobia | Dislike of or prejudice against Islam or Muslims |
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